Enhancing perovskite solar cell performance and stability by doping barium in methylammonium lead halide

Abstract

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be enhanced by using Ba2+-doped perovskite films.

Acquiring High‐Performance and Stable Mixed‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells by Using a Transition‐Metal‐Substituted Pb Precursor

“…The existence of the PbI 2 peak at 12.718 indicates the incomplete phase transformation of the pristine film ( Figure 1a). [35] Additionally,i ti si nteresting that new diffraction peaks for three MD perovskites appear at about9 .458,c orresponding to the (0 20)c rystal planes( as indicated in Figure 1a and b). Figure 1c and dd isplay the magnified XRD patterns at 13.58-15.58 and 28.08-29.58 of the perovskite films.…”

“…It is observed that the positions of the (110)a nd (2 20)c rystal planes for the three MD perovskite films all show slight blueshifts to bigger angles owing to the different ionic radii of Zn 2 + ,M n 2 + ,a nd Ni 2 + (74, 80, and 72 pm), which are smaller than that of Pb 2 + (119 pm). [35] Additionally,i ti si nteresting that new diffraction peaks for three MD perovskites appear at about9 .458,c orresponding to the (0 20)c rystal planes( as indicated in Figure 1a and b). It illustratest hat 2D perovskite structures are formed in the MD perovskites.…”

“…[30] Partial doping or replacing lead with other metal cationsh as been studied to reduce the toxicity of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ). [31][32][33][34][35][36] For example, PØrez-del-Rey et al achieved PSCs with high fill factor and long chargec arrier lifetimes by inserting Sr 2 + into methylammoniuml ead iodide. [33] By doping nontoxic alkaline-earth metal cations (Mg, Ca, Sr,a nd Ba) in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ,C han et al enhanced the performance and stability of PSCs.…”

“…[33] By doping nontoxic alkaline-earth metal cations (Mg, Ca, Sr,a nd Ba) in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ,C han et al enhanced the performance and stability of PSCs. [35] However, these methods do not improve the stability and reduce toxicitya tt he same time. Hence, the development of PSCs with long-term stability and reduced toxicity is imperative.…”

Recent Advances in Energetics and Stability of Metal Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications

“…Since both injection and extraction barriers are detrimental to the device performance, adequate charge transport materials should be selected for reducing the energy mismatch and minimizing the energy loss at the perovskite interfaces. Previously, many studies focused on the direct comparison between the IPs of perovskites and HTLs so as to evaluate the ELA at their interfaces according to the assumption of flat band situation . Unfortunately, such an IP difference is unlikely the determinable factor for estimating the real ELA, since charge transfer and chemical reaction can lead to the vacuum level shift or band bending.…”