Enhancing mechanical properties of friction stir welded 2219Al-T6 joints at high welding speed through water cooling and post-welding artificial ageing

Zhang, Z.; Xiao, B.L.; Ma, Z.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2015.06.003

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similar results were also reported in an USWed copper alloy [51]. Several other authors also observed the formation of fine grains near the faying surface during USW [15,32,33] and during friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys [50,52,53,54,55,56]. With an increasing amount of deformation, the dislocation density increases leading to the build-up of internal stored strain energy, which is the driving force for the initiation of recrystallization; the boundary migration and slip contributions are restrained by solute drag so that the lattice rotation develops progressively at grain boundaries.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Chen

Jiang

2017

Materials

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructures, tensile lap shear strength, and fatigue resistance of 6022-T43 aluminum alloy joints welded via a solid-state welding technique–ultrasonic spot welding (USW)–at different energy levels. An ultra-fine necklace-like equiaxed grain structure is observed along the weld line due to the occurrence of dynamic crystallization, with smaller grain sizes at lower levels of welding energy. The tensile lap shear strength, failure energy, and critical stress intensity of the welded joints first increase, reach their maximum values, and then decrease with increasing welding energy. The tensile lap shear failure mode changes from interfacial fracture at lower energy levels, to nugget pull-out at intermediate optimal energy levels, and to transverse through-thickness (TTT) crack growth at higher energy levels. The fatigue life is longer for the joints welded at an energy of 1400 J than 2000 J at higher cyclic loading levels. The fatigue failure mode changes from nugget pull-out to TTT crack growth with decreasing cyclic loading for the joints welded at 1400 J, while TTT crack growth mode remains at all cyclic loading levels for the joints welded at 2000 J. Fatigue crack basically initiates from the nugget edge, and propagates with “river-flow” patterns and characteristic fatigue striations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Chen

Jiang

2017

Materials

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“…In FSW, frictional heat can be produced by both the rotating shoulder and pin [19]. However, due to the absence of pin in FSP-based crack repairing, materials are mainly softened by the frictional heat from the rotating shoulder.…”

Section: Temperature Distribution and Plastic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Modeling of Friction Stir Processing-Based Crack Repairing in 2024 Aluminum Alloy

Ren

Wang

et al. 2016

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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A friction stir processing-based method was used to repair cracks in the 2024 aluminum alloy plates. The temperature field and plastic material flow pattern were analyzed on the basis of experimental and finite element simulation results. Microstructure and tensile properties of the repaired specimens were studied. The results showed that the entire crack repairing was a solid-phase process and plastic materials tended to flow toward the shoulder center and then resulted in the repairing of cracks. Meanwhile, the coarse grain structures were refined in repaired zone (RZ), while the grains in thermal-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone were elongated and driven to grow up. Meanwhile, large phases are crushed into small particles and dispersed inside the RZ. Finally, the strength of the repaired specimens can be restored dramatically and their ductility can be partially restored. After heat treatment, the tensile properties of the repaired specimens can be further enhanced.

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“…Another barrier against the widespread use of FSW in industry is the fact that there are a lot of uncertainties, scientific gaps, and lack of guidelines regarding other aspects of this process, like the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of FSW joints [2]. Though it is confirmed that PWHTs could greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the FSW joints [15][16][17], the reported research is limited. Indeed, there is lack of research on the effect of PWHTs on the FSW joints, especially for welded samples by FSW at a right angle and at high traverse speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Butt Joints Made by Friction Stir Welding at Right Angle (RAFSW)

Momeni

Guillot

2019

JMMP

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Friction stir welding (FSW) provides users with many advantages over fusion welding techniques. Nevertheless, it is not widely employed in current industry mainly due to high equipment costs and royalties. To overcome these issues, a low-cost FSW technique operated at a right angle, called RAFSW, has recently been developed by our research team. To make the RAFSW technique reliable for potential users, we are going to analyze the effect of various post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) on the mechanical and physical properties of the RAFSW joints. To this end, optimized process parameters are used to weld butt joints of an AA6061-T6 alloy. The joints were characterized using a tensile test, a micro-hardness test, and metallography techniques. The most efficient aging time was obtained for various aging temperatures. Moreover, it was found that artificial aging at 220 °C for 30 min could be used as a fast and cost-effective artificial aging PWHT for the industrial sector. In addition, the repeatability of the PWHTs were demonstrated by studying the effect of waiting time prior to the artificial aging. Finally, it was revealed that a single fast artificial aging process is more beneficial than solubilizing followed by an artificial aging process in terms of tensile properties, consumed time, and cost.

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Enhancing mechanical properties of friction stir welded 2219Al-T6 joints at high welding speed through water cooling and post-welding artificial ageing

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Analysis and Modeling of Friction Stir Processing-Based Crack Repairing in 2024 Aluminum Alloy

Post-Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Butt Joints Made by Friction Stir Welding at Right Angle (RAFSW)

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