Enhancing handgun safety with embedded signal processing and dynamic grip recognition

Grip-pattern recognition : applied to a smart gun

“…The only results reported on this topic, besides ours and those in the patent [18], were published in [19], which method differs from the one reported by us in various aspects. First, in [19] the dynamics of the grip-pattern prior to firing are used, while in our approach recognition is based on a static grip pattern at the moment when one is just ready to fire. Second, in [19] only 16 pressure sensors are used: one on the trigger, 15 on the grip of the gun.…”

“…Grip-pattern recognition has been investigated by the New Jersey Institute of Technology [18], [19], by Belgian weapon manufacturer FN Herstal, and by us [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]. The only results reported on this topic, besides ours and those in the patent [18], were published in [19], which method differs from the one reported by us in various aspects.…”

“…First, in [19] the dynamics of the grip-pattern prior to firing are used, while in our approach recognition is based on a static grip pattern at the moment when one is just ready to fire. Second, in [19] only 16 pressure sensors are used: one on the trigger, 15 on the grip of the gun. These sensors are piezo-electric sensors, producing 16 time signals.…”

“…Third, the recognition methods of both systems differ. In [19] a method based on neural networks analyzing the time signals is presented, which seems to be trained for identification, whereas we apply likelihood-ratio based verification [29], [30].…”

“…In [19] the data were collected from 4 shooters, while we used data from 39 trained police officers and 27 untrained users. The recognition results are, unfortunately, difficult to compare because in [19] the recognition rates obtained in an identification experiment were presented, while we present the equal-error rates in a verification experiment, which are more relevant for the final application. The equal-error rate is the value of the falseacceptance rate, when the verification system is tuned in such a way that the false-acceptance rate and the false-rejection rate are equal.…”