Enhancing graphene reinforcing potential in composites by hydrogen passivation induced dispersion

Yang, Yingchao; Rigdon, William A.; Huang, Xinyu; Li, Xiaodong

doi:10.1038/srep02086

Cited by 110 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…17 It has recently been demonstrated that both surface chemistry and size of graphene platelets play a key role in the toxicity, distribution, and excretion of graphene and that, therefore, different graphene materials may have different influences on the organism. 18 GO is well dispersed in water while rGO is hydrophobic, often creating agglomerates in water. The formation annexin V-alexa Fluor ® 488 and PI assay analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on glioblastoma

Jaworski¹,

Sawosz²,

Kutwin³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Graphene and its related counterparts are considered the future of advanced nanomaterials owing to their exemplary properties. However, information about their toxicity and biocompatibility is limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) platelets, using U87 and U118 glioma cell lines for an in vitro model and U87 tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane for an in vivo model. The in vitro investigation consisted of structural analysis of GO and rGO platelets using transmission elec tron microscopy, evaluation of cell morphology and ultrastructure, assessment of cell viability by XTT assay, and investigation of cell proliferation by BrdU assay. Toxicity in U87 glioma tumors was evaluated by calculation of weight and volume of tumors and analyses of ultrastructure, histology, and protein expression. The in vitro results indicate that GO and rGO enter glioma cells and have different cytotoxicity. Both types of platelets reduced cell viability and proliferation with increasing doses, but rGO was more toxic than GO. The mass and volume of tumors were reduced in vivo after injection of GO and rGO. Moreover, the level of apoptotic markers increased in rGO-treated tumors. We show that rGO induces cell death mostly through apoptosis, indicating the potential applicability of graphene in cancer therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on glioblastoma

Jaworski¹,

Sawosz²,

Kutwin³

et al. 2015

IJN

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show abstract

“…In addition, the likely aggregation of graphene due to their strong hydrophobicity and van der Waal's attraction at higher loading could have also affected the resulting viscosity and morphology of the membrane. The van der Waal's interacted between each graphene nanoparticles and the C -C bonds by jointing C dangling bonds of other graphene nanoparticles [29]. Thus, the more tendency of graphene to aggregate at higher loadings (0.7 to 2.0 wt%) resulted to the decrease in pore sizes.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Membrane Performance By Agmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Woo

Kim

Shim

et al. 2016

Journal of Membrane Science

122

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. (2016). Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 513 74-84.Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation Keywords brine, ro, distillation, treatment, gap, membrane, sheet, flat, pvdf, graphene, air, water, produced, gas, seam AbstractBrine management of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water is a significant concern for the sustainable production of CSG in Australia. Membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential to further reduce the volume of CSG reverse osmosis (RO) brine. However, despite its potential, the lack 2 of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial use. Therefore, this study was aimed on the

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“…Graphene also attracts great attention as the strengthening component in composites [5][6][7] . Characterization of the mechanical properties of graphene is essential both from a technological perspective for its reliable applications and from a fundamental interest in understanding its deformation physics 8,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fracture toughness of graphene

et al. 2014

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Perfect graphene is believed to be the strongest material. However, the useful strength of large-area graphene with engineering relevance is usually determined by its fracture toughness, rather than the intrinsic strength that governs a uniform breaking of atomic bonds in perfect graphene. To date, the fracture toughness of graphene has not been measured. Here we report an in situ tensile testing of suspended graphene using a nanomechanical device in a scanning electron microscope. During tensile loading, the pre-cracked graphene sample fractures in a brittle manner with sharp edges, at a breaking stress substantially lower than the intrinsic strength of graphene. Our combined experiment and modelling verify the applicability of the classic Griffith theory of brittle fracture to graphene. The fracture toughness of graphene is measured as the critical stress intensity factor of 4:0 AE 0:6 MPa ffiffiffiffi m p and the equivalent critical strain energy release rate of 15.9 J m À 2 . Our work quantifies the essential fracture properties of graphene and provides mechanistic insights into the mechanical failure of graphene.

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Enhancing graphene reinforcing potential in composites by hydrogen passivation induced dispersion

Cited by 110 publications

References 48 publications

In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on glioblastoma

In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on glioblastoma

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Fracture toughness of graphene

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