Abstract:Germination responses to temperature, medium and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments were studied in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev. cv. Hayward) seeds. The seeds treated with four GA3 concentrations (0, 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 ppm) were sown in trays with peat moss, perlite + heater humus and soil mixture and subjected to the temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C with bottom heating, under controlled conditions. All the treatments significantly affected the kiwifruit seeds germination. Seeds sown in pea… Show more
“…New, mature kiwifruit seeds did not germinate when placed in favourable conditions for germination at any of the tested temperatures. This result is consistent with the findings for the same species presented in previous reports (Lawes and Anderson, 1980; Chin et al ., 1992; Celik et al ., 2006). The failure of germination can be attributed to primary seed dormancy established during seed maturation on the mother plant (Hilhorst, 1995; Kucera et al ., 2005; Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger, 2006).…”
Seed germination of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosaA. Chev. C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson), a deciduous, perennial vine, is low because of seed dormancy. The main purpose of this study was to characterize kiwifruit seed dormancy and germination in response to environmental factors such as temperature and light. Dormancy of hydrated seeds is alleviated by the perception of a period at low temperatures (stratification) of at least 3 weeks at 2 or 5°C. Alleviation of dormancy is accomplished by incubation at fluctuating temperatures (20/30°C). A red light pulse did not affect germination, whereas a far-red light pulse strongly inhibited germination. This inhibition was readily reverted by a second pulse of red light, indicating that phytochromes are also involved in dormancy alleviation. Although seed germination was inhibited by the fruit pulp, the latter prevented neither perception of low temperature nor changes in the light sensitivity of the seeds. Therefore, it can be advanced that kiwifruit seeds will only germinate after dispersal if the time–temperature requirement for dormancy alleviation and fluctuating temperatures for dormancy termination are fulfilled. Perception of a closed canopy might interfere with dormancy termination.
“…New, mature kiwifruit seeds did not germinate when placed in favourable conditions for germination at any of the tested temperatures. This result is consistent with the findings for the same species presented in previous reports (Lawes and Anderson, 1980; Chin et al ., 1992; Celik et al ., 2006). The failure of germination can be attributed to primary seed dormancy established during seed maturation on the mother plant (Hilhorst, 1995; Kucera et al ., 2005; Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger, 2006).…”
Seed germination of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosaA. Chev. C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson), a deciduous, perennial vine, is low because of seed dormancy. The main purpose of this study was to characterize kiwifruit seed dormancy and germination in response to environmental factors such as temperature and light. Dormancy of hydrated seeds is alleviated by the perception of a period at low temperatures (stratification) of at least 3 weeks at 2 or 5°C. Alleviation of dormancy is accomplished by incubation at fluctuating temperatures (20/30°C). A red light pulse did not affect germination, whereas a far-red light pulse strongly inhibited germination. This inhibition was readily reverted by a second pulse of red light, indicating that phytochromes are also involved in dormancy alleviation. Although seed germination was inhibited by the fruit pulp, the latter prevented neither perception of low temperature nor changes in the light sensitivity of the seeds. Therefore, it can be advanced that kiwifruit seeds will only germinate after dispersal if the time–temperature requirement for dormancy alleviation and fluctuating temperatures for dormancy termination are fulfilled. Perception of a closed canopy might interfere with dormancy termination.
“…Stratification under cool and moist condition or gibberellic acid treatment improves germination rates. Treatment with 2500ppm of gibberellic acid gives 31.67% germination [55]. The higher concentration of gibberellic acid of about 2000ppm to 6000ppm for 24 hours shortens the germination period.…”
Salinity is an important factor affecting plant productivity and constitutes a problem concerning a significant portion of the earth planet. Olives are a good source of iron which helps to transport oxygen in blood. Calcium present in olives is essential for bones and muscles. Gibberellins (GA3) play a vital role in the detoxification of heavy metals and in tolerance to salt stress by improving plants growth, chlorophyll synthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and by preventing lipid per oxidation. The study was carried out at NARC Islamabad during August, 2018 to October, 2018 to examine olive varieties growth influences with foliar application of GA3 under saline conditions in tunnel. Soil salinity was developed artificially with the mixture of different salts at 2.0dSm-1. Completely randomized design was applied with three replications. Foliar spray of Gibberellic acid @ 0, 200 and 400 mgl-1 was done. Growth parameters of plant height stem diameter, # of leaves plant-1 and leaf area were recorded at the end of the experiment. Megaron olive variety attained the highest plant height at 200 and 400 mgl-1 GA3 foliar sprays than other two olive varieties. Stem diameter was the maximum in Coratina olive variety that was higher than control and other two olive varieties. Number of leaves plant-1 and leaf area were gained the highest position by Chetoui olive variety at 200 and 400 mgl-1 GA3 foliar spray than other two olive varieties under artificially saline conditions.
“…Although some studies showed that gibberellic acid can enhance kiwifruit seed germination [4,11,12], other studies indicated that cold moist stratification is more effective than gibberellic acid in breaking kiwifruit seed dormancy [8,9,13]. They also found that vermiculite is not a suitable medium for seed germination.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, for sustainable production and export, the kiwifruit industry needs to introduce novel kiwifruit cultivars with different flesh colors and flavors. To achieve this goal, a population of seed plants with natural or controlled crosses should be available [4]. The presence of dormant embryos in seeds and nonuniformity in seedling growth usually increase the losses of kiwifruit seed populations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of the low germination ratio of Actinidia seeds, they must be treated with chemicals and kept in damp, aerated conditions, alternated between day and night, under low temperatures to increase their germination rate. According to researchers, stratification under cool and moist conditions and/or some chemical treatments can improve the germination rate of kiwifruit seeds [4,6,7].…”
The presence of dormant embryos in seeds and nonuniformity in seedling growth are the main limiting factors for kiwifruit propagation. Studies on the germination of hybrid genotypes are limited, especially at different ploidy levels. Low germination percentages and nonuniformity in seedling growth are two of the limiting factors of kiwifruit breeding, especially new and imported germplasm. The effect of cold moist stratification and growing substances on seed germination and seedling growth, respectively, on different kiwifruit seed populations were evaluated in this study. The effect of cold moist stratification (3, 4 and 5 weeks at 4 °C) and growing substrate composition (peat, perlite and coco peat) on seed germination and seedling growth of different Actinidia genotypes were assessed. In general, increasing stratification period duration often increased germination speed and uniformity. It was also found that increasing the ratio of peat moss improved the vegetative growth parameters of all kiwifruit seedlings. Stratification treatment, light and temperature fluctuation and consequently suitable substrate can accelerate and increase the production of seedlings and reduce seedling losses. It was also found that peat–perlite (1:1) medium was the best medium for kiwifruit seedling growth.
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