Enhancing electric vehicle sustainability through battery life optimal charging

Schoch, Jennifer; Gaerttner, Johannes; Schuller, Alexander; Setzer, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.trb.2018.03.016

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…of the battery must be considered in scheduling and is also an important issue from maintenance and longevity perspectives. The calendar aging is expedited by charge-discharge cycles, excessive charges, unfavorable depth-of-discharge, and elevated temperatures [52,53]. Even though the lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries have a long life expectancy, the resistance growth over time was analyzed because it affects the sensitivity analysis of the IRB.…”

Section: Output Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses

et al. 2018

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Uncertainty in operation factors, such as the weather and driving behavior, makes it difficult to accurately predict the energy consumption of electric buses. As the consumption varies, the dimensioning of the battery capacity and charging systems is challenging and requires a dedicated decision-making process. To investigate the impact of uncertainty, six electric buses were measured in three routes with an Internet of Things (IoT) system from February 2016 to December 2017 in southern Finland in real operation conditions. The measurement results were thoroughly analyzed and the operation factors that caused variation in the energy consumption and internal resistance of the battery were studied in detail. The average energy consumption was 0.78 kWh/km and the consumption varied by more than 1 kWh/km between trips. Furthermore, consumption was 15% lower on a suburban route than on city routes. The energy consumption was mostly influenced by the ambient temperature, driving behavior, and route characteristics. The internal resistance varied mainly as a result of changes in the battery temperature and charging current. The energy consumption was predicted with above 75% accuracy with a linear model. The operation factors were correlated and a novel second-order normalization method was introduced to improve the interpretation of the results. The presented models and analyses can be integrated to powertrain and charging system design, as well as schedule planning.

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Section: Output Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses

et al. 2018

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“…While users prefer complete charging as frequently as possible accelerating the process of degradation, charging as late as possible tends to minimise the degradation process [140].…”

Section: Impact On Batteries and Associated Recharging Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation

et al. 2019

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The necessity of transport electrification is already undeniable due to, among other facts, global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and fossil-fuel dependency. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) play a fundamental role. Such vehicles are usually seen by the network as simple loads whose needs have to be supplied. However, they can contribute to the correct operation of the network or a microgrid and the provision of ancillary services and delay the need to reinforce the power lines. These concepts are referred to as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). In paper, a deep classification and analysis of published charging strategies is provided. In addition, optimal charging strategies must minimise the degradation of the batteries to increase their lifetime, since it is considered that the life of a battery ends when its capacity is reduced by 20% with respect to its nominal capacity. Therefore, an optimal integration of EVs must consider both grid and batteries impact. Finally, some guidelines are proposed for further research considering the current limitations of electric vehicle technology. Thus, these proposed guidelines are focused on V2G optimal management, enabling new business models while keeping economic viability for all parts involved.

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“…Therefore, we appropriately reduce the service rate of charging piles that provide a reservation service to provide a buffer time for the users, so that the users can arrive in an orderly manner and do not need to wait in the queue. Since range anxiety that leads to full recharging is also a significant factor affecting charging behavior [51], we assume drivers leave the charging station at a 100% charge to avoid range anxiety. To facilitate the presentation of the essential ideas without losing generality, the following basic assumptions are made in this paper:…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location towards Sustainable Cities

Luo

Qiu

2020

IJERPH

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Electric vehicles, a significant part of sustainable transport, are attracting increasing attention with the development of sustainable cities. However, as supporting facilities of electric vehicles, public charging stations are of great significance to the promotion of electric vehicles. This paper proposes an electric vehicle charging station location model to improve the resource utilization of electric vehicles for sustainable cities. In this model, reservation services, idle rates during off-peak periods, and waiting time during peak periods are considered. Finally, a case from Chengdu, China, is used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed model. Then, further analyses of reservation ratios and penetration rates are conducted. The results show that the introduction of a reservation service has a positive effect on reducing the total cost, which would provide further support for sustainable cities and have an even greater impact on healthier lives.

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Enhancing electric vehicle sustainability through battery life optimal charging

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses

Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses

Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location towards Sustainable Cities

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