“…To further study the effectiveness of DELDG, the comparisons of DELDG with 11 up-to-date DE variants are made. These DE variants include ZEPDE [16], DI-DE [18], IIN-SHADE [21], EFADE [22], AGDE [23], UMS-SHADE [27], MPEDE [28], DMPSADE [71], CoBiDE [72], EBSHADE [73], and FADE [30]. ZEPDE, DI-DE, IIN-SHADE, EFADE, AGDE, UMS-SHADE, MPEDE and FADE have been briefly introduced in Section III.…”