Enhancing antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antialzheimer performance of<i>Hippeastrum hybridum</i>(L.) using silver nanoparticles

2023

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Funding information Higher Education Commission of PakistanNanoparticles (NPs) are the fundamental backbone of nanotechnology due to their wide biomedical applications. Biogenic synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) using plant extracts are beneficial due to their nontoxicity, eco-friendliness, and simplicity. In this study, the HE-AuNPs were synthesized using Heliotropium eichwaldi L (HE) extract and then characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron diffraction X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed a sharp peak λ max 567 nm, FT-IR analysis confirmed the existence of different coating and reducing organic molecules, SEM analysis showed the elongated rod-shaped morphologies with 20 nm size, XRD analysis authorized the crystalline structure of AuNPs with an average size of 11.11 nm for four key peaks (38.31 , 44.39 , 64.76 , and 77.65 ), and EDX analysis revealed that Au (44.33%) was the main element of AuNPs compared to other surface coated elements C (35.05%) and O (20.62%). The influence of various intrinsic factors like pH, temperature, metal salt, HE extract, contact time, and stability period was also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. Moreover, the AuNps were evaluated for their anticholinesterase (anti-AChE) potential to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). HE-AuNPs exhibited superb anti-AChE activity (67 ± 0.03%) with 88 ± 0.31 μg IC 50 , compared to pure Au salt, which showed 7 ± 0.22% inhibition. According to the Lineweaver-Burk plot, HE-AuNPs inhibit AChE noncompetitively, that is, K m remains unchanged, whereas V max decreased from 20 to 6.24 (42.4% to 82%). HE-AuNPs do not affect K Iapp , whereas increased V maxiapp from 17.5 to 29 (13% to 86.4%). The K m (Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants), K I (dissociation constant), and K i (inhibitory constant) were found to be 0.041 mM, 66 μg, and 25 μg, respectively. Overall, our results highlighted the HE-AuNPs promising latent as anti-AChE, and the green methodology allows us to suggest these NPs as suitable agents for the development of drugs helpful in the treatment of AD.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Heliotropium eichwaldi L and neuroprotective potential via anticholinesterase inhibition in rat brain

Sher

2023

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“…Currently, researchers are working on screening anti-AChE inhibitors from plant sources, a significant remedy for AD patients, [29,64,65] but according to a previous research work, biogenic synthesis of BNPs from…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, researchers are working on screening anti‐AChE inhibitors from plant sources, a significant remedy for AD patients, [ 29,64,65 ] but according to a previous research work, biogenic synthesis of BNPs from plant extract has not been tested for their anti‐AChE activity in animal models. The present study was designed to test the potential of HH‐induced BNPs for ex vivo rat brain anti‐AChE potential using a slightly improved protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27] HH and other species of the family Amaryllidaceae can be used as antioxidants, antidiabetes, and cancer agents. Previous HH-induced AgNPs have been used for the inhibition of AChE in vitro [28,29] ; therefore, the current research was designed for the synthesis of Ag/Au BNPs, their characterization via ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and then to test them in ex vivo AChE inhibition using rat brain homogenate as a source of AChE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver/gold allied bimetallic from Hippeastrum hybridum (L.) and their ex vivo anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain

Sher

2023

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Nanotechnology, a modern technique, is apprehensive for small‐size nanoparticle (NP) generation via superficial, straightforward, and pharmaceutically modes. The main aim of the current research was to project the development of a green justifiable method to synthesize Ag/Au bimetallic NPs (BNPs) via Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract and then to use these BNPs as rat brain anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE) in ex vivo mode. According to the current results, BNPs exhibited a sharp peak of 542 nm when characterized by ultravioet (UV)–visible spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis exhibited peaks, which confirmed the existence of various phytochemicals in HH plant extract; X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystal BNPs 8.34 nm mean size; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BNPs had a square shape with 20‐nm nanomeasures calculated sizes; and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed Ag and Au composition, which was reported to be 12% and 38.26%, respectively. Moreover, the anti‐AChE potential of BNPs was also tested to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). An excellent anti‐AChE activity was exhibited by BNPs in which AChE exhibited 31 ± 0.22% activity at 150‐μg concentration of BNPs with 103 ± 0.42 μg IC50. Statistical analysis exhibited that BNPs inhibit AChE noncompetitively, Km remain constant, whereas Vmax decreased from 7.24 to 6.1 (18.23% to 31.11%). Ag/Au BNPs do not affect KIapp, while increasing Vmaxiapp from 11.07 to 16 (17.39% to 67.4%). The Km, Ki, and KI were described to be 0.024 mM, 169 μg, and 91 μg, respectively. So, it is concluded that small‐size, stable, potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized from HH extract, and consequently, these BNPs significantly inhibit AChE activity in rat brain homogenate and thus prove to be a significant remedy in the treatment of AD.

“…It might be because of the absorption of antioxidant moieties from HPE on the surface of HP‐AgNPs and the high surface to volumes ratio of AgNPs. [ 104 ] Thus, NPs are potential to scavenge free radicals and minimize oxidative stress. [ 105,106 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Huda

et al. 2023

This research aims to study the biogenic synthesis and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum extract-induced silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti-alpha-amylase, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. UV spectrometry at 417 nm with an surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of 1.54 confirmed the biosynthesis of HP-AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that HP-AgNPs are crystalline with a 36 nm size. The average size of 80 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The functional moieties bearing compounds accountable for the encapsulation and stability of HP-AgNPs were assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) demonstrated that silver was the main element (49%) of HP-AgNPs. HP-AgNPs showed the promising antioxidant potential of ABTS (71.57%), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 69.46%), H 2 O 2 (66.94%), ferric chloride (73.71%), and ammonium molybdenum (65.7%). HP-AgNPs exhibited significant enzymatic inhibition potential with IC 50 of 48.8 ± 4.03 μg/mL (α-amylase) and 51.78 ± 3.16 μg/mL (AChE). Kinetics studies showed that HP-AgNPs produced mixed-type inhibition against α-amylase (K m increased from 40.65 to 131.44%, whereas V max decreased from 4.14 to 9.77%) and non-competitivetype inhibition (V max decreased from 17.05 to 62.03% and K m remain constant) against AChE. Finally, it may be concluded that HP-AgNPs may possess anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant capabilities.