Enhancing adhesion and alignment of human gingival fibroblasts on dental implants

Fibroblasts Adhesion to Laser-Modified Titanium Surfaces—A Systematic Review

“…Depending on the study the way of abundant decontamination was slightly different. Titanium was treated with different lasers i.e., Er:YAG [ 49 ], erbium fiber laser [ 52 ], ytterbium fiber laser [ 53 ], Ti:Sapphire laser fs-system laser [ 44 , 46 ], Nd:YAG [ 47 ], Nd:YVO 4 [ 51 ] , CO 2 laser [ 48 ], KrF excimer laser [ 45 ], diode laser [ 50 ]. In eleven studies laser was the only treatment applied.…”

“…The full-text articles review found heterogeneity in the papers. All the studies included in the review concerned fibroblasts—whether human cells from biopsies [ 46 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] or cell culture [ 52 , 53 ] or mouse embryonic cells [ 44 , 47 , 48 ]. In one study, cell origin was not defined [ 45 ].…”

“…The main study outcome is that despite differences in laser wavelength and parameters, the cell adhesion increased. It could be concluded by observing fibroblasts’ morphology changes [ 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ] or by examining changes in producing proteins responsible for adhesion [ 46 , 49 , 53 ]. The most common method of examining cell morphology was using SEM [ 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

“…It could be concluded by observing fibroblasts’ morphology changes [ 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ] or by examining changes in producing proteins responsible for adhesion [ 46 , 49 , 53 ]. The most common method of examining cell morphology was using SEM [ 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Fibroblasts showed various shapes on modified surfaces [ 50 ], denser growth [ 52 ], generating microstructures such as long extensions (pseudopodia) [ 44 , 46 , 51 ].…”

“…These structures followed the grooves or created bridges if the holey structures were prepared on the samples [ 45 ]. Certain studies analyzed the problem in microscale—adherent protein expression was measured [ 49 , 53 ]. Studies concentrated on proteins such as vinculin [ 46 , 53 ], FAK (focal adhesion kinase) [ 49 , 51 ], ITGB1 (integrin-beta1) [ 49 ] or integrin-beta4 [ 46 ] showed that protein expression was more intense on laser-modified specimens which proves the increased adhesion.…”