Enhancement of surface properties of 45# carbon steel using plasma immersion ion implantation

Wang, S.Y; Chu, Paul K.; Tang, Baoyin; Xia, Tian; Wang, X.F; Lin, Qiang

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(97)00465-3

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, from the linear relationship between the target temperature and the implantation time, it can be inferred that the radiation heat exchange effect contributes very little to the target temperature rise, including that between the hot filaments and the target as well as that from the target to the water-cooled chamber wall. The radiation heating power density is proportional to T 4 , and so at a lower temperature, the radiation loss of the target is very small. 21 However, the four hot filament sets in our equipment, consisting of 16 wires, get very hot when they emit electrons to ignite the plasma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, a myriad of studies has proven that plasma immersion ion implantation ͑PIII͒ is a suitable method for surface modification of materials. [1][2][3][4] One of the major advantages of PIII is its ability to treat nonplanar samples with an acceptable dose uniformity. In order to achieve a thicker modified layer and optimal phase structure, elevated temperature PIII is widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In situ sample temperature measurement in plasma immersion ion implantation

Xia

Fan

Zeng

et al. 1999

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasma immersion ion implantation ͑PIII͒ is an excellent surface modification technique because it is not restricted by the line-of-sight limitation that plagues conventional beamline ion implantation. However, the lack of in situ monitoring has hampered wider acceptance of the technique in industry. It is known that the implantation temperature has a large influence on the surface properties of the treated specimens in addition to the more obvious parameters such as implantation voltage, pulse duration, pulsing frequency, and so on. Direct measurement of the target temperature is complicated by the sample high voltage as well as by interference from the electromagnetic field and plasma. In this article, we present a novel interference-free, in situ temperature measurement technique employing a shielded thermocouple directly attached to the sample stage. Our experiments show that the setup can monitor the target temperature in real time, even under severe arcing conditions. Our results also indicate that in a hot filament glow discharge radiation heating is quite small, and sample heating is primarily caused by ion bombardment during the PIII cycles. The new design will open up other possibilities such as in situ dose monitoring if, for example, the thermocouple is replaced by a Faraday cup.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ sample temperature measurement in plasma immersion ion implantation

Xia

Fan

Zeng

et al. 1999

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The initial dimensions before welding were 220 × 200 × 2.5 mm 3 . The chemical compositions of T2 copper [20] and 45 steel [21] are listed in Table 1; Table 2, respectively. The EBW parameters of the T2 copper–45 steel joint were as follows: Acceleration voltage 60 kV, electron beam 80 mA, vacuum degree 5 × 10 −2 torr, welding speed 300 mm/min (SEBW welding system, Guilin, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of an EBW T2 Copper–45 Steel Joint

Liu

Bao

2019

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dissimilar joining of T2 copper to 45 steel was performed by electron beam welding (EBW). Full-strength joints were obtained, and the highest tensile strength was found to be 270 MPa, which is almost equal to the strength of copper. Moreover, the macroscopic morphology of the tensile fracture exhibited an obvious necking phenomenon and features such as dimples, and spherical structures were found via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results indicated that the fracture of the T2 copper–45 steel joint is a mixed mode of cleavage and ductile fracture. Meanwhile, the fracture toughness was determined using the small punch test (SPT) with a drop rate of 0.5 mm/min. SEM imaging of the fracture surfaces revealed that the fracture was controlled by microscopic void nucleation and always occurred in the copper-side heat affected zone (HAZ). Finally, mutual verification between the numerical simulation of the finite element and the SPT results confirmed that the fracture first occurred in the copper-side HAZ due to the toughness difference.

show abstract

“…Improvements in surface hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance after PIII treatment are well documented in the literature. [4][5][6] During the PIII process, the implantation voltage and current waveforms must be monitored closely to ensure proper instrument operation. In addition, information such as the implantation dose, sheath condition, target temperature, and secondary electron emission coefficient can be deduced from the waveforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate determination of pulsed current waveform in plasma immersion ion implantation processes

Xia

Tang

Chu

1999

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article reports on the measurement of the ion current in plasma immersion ion implantation. Our simulation results indicate that the total current peaks at the end of rise time of the applied voltage. However, our experimental data acquired using a Rogowski coil and digital oscillator show the highest current at the beginning of the voltage pulse. The discrepancy can be explained by a displacement current attributable to the changing voltage, sheath capacitance, circuit loading effects, as well as secondary electron emission.

show abstract

Enhancement of surface properties of 45# carbon steel using plasma immersion ion implantation

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

In situ sample temperature measurement in plasma immersion ion implantation

In situ sample temperature measurement in plasma immersion ion implantation

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of an EBW T2 Copper–45 Steel Joint

Accurate determination of pulsed current waveform in plasma immersion ion implantation processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About