Enhancement of Soya bean (glycine max l.) Plants Growth, Yield and Seed Quality by using Putrescine, Benzyladenine and Yeast Extract

Abstract

Two field experiments in randomized complete Block design (RCBD) were conducted at the experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture Moshtohor, Benha university, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 seasons to study the effect of Putrescine at 5 and 10 mg/L, Benzyl adenine (BA) at 20 and 40 mg/L and yeast extract at 50 and 100 ml/L on growth, photosynthetic pigments, phytohormones content, anatomical structures, flowering, characteristics; seed fuelling and yield of Soybeans (Glycine max L.) plants. Results showed that different applied treatments increased growth characteristics i.e., (plant height, leaf number, leaf area, branches number, fresh & dry weights as well as the photosynthetic pigments and the endogenous phytohormones content. Also, stem and leaf anatomy measurements were increased especially (stem and leaf vascular and transporter tissues. In addition, flower setting was increased with putrescine, BA and yeast extract during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Also, yield and its characteristics were increased especially upper fully seeds, seed yield weight/plant during both seasons.

Influence of Foliar Application by Benzyladenine and Yeast Extract on Growth, Root Yield, Quality and Chemical Compositions of Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Plant

“…As well as the same results are recorded by several investigators in different plant species Abd El-Dayem (1999) on fodder beet plants, Abd El-Dayem et al, (2012) on sesame plants; Ismail (2016) on wheat plants and Zewail et al, (2019) they showed that foliar application of BA increased yield and its components of soybean plants. This increments in root yield characteristics of sugar beet plants may be due to a reflection of BA and yeast extract beneficial effects on vegetative growth, total leaves are (Table, 1) photosynthetic pigments content, the amount of metabolites (total carbohydrates and crude protein in leaves), absorption and translocation mineral contents (N, P and K) ( Table, 3), as well enhancing sink activity and endogenous growth hormone levels Bondok (1996); El-Desuoky et al, (2011) and Zewail et al, (2019) which in turn could lead to an increase in the rate of net amount of photosynthetic assimilate production and transport from sites of synthesis in leaf tissue source to sites of accumulation in storage organs (sink) of roots Patrick (1982) and consequently increase root yield of sugar beet plants. In this regard, Bondok (1996) concluded that kinetin treatments nearly lead to an increase of cytokinin levels in both shoots and roots which increase chlorophyll content also lead to accelerate cambial activity and cell division which reflected itself on root and sugar yield of sugar beet plants.…”

“…Also, similar results were reported by Ramadan, Amany et al, (2005); Ibrahim et al, (2010); Ismail (2016); El-Emary et al, (2018). and Zewail et al, (2019) They found that foliar application with BA and yeast extract increased fresh and dry weights of shoots, endogenous phytohormons levels and photosynthetic pigments content in leaves of soybean plants. Also, the above mentiond results of yeast extract are in harmony with those obtained by Mahmoud, Asmaa (2004); El-Tarabily (2004); Mekki and Ahamed (2005); Wanas (2007); El-Desouky et al, (2011) and Zewial et al .,(2019).…”

“…These results of BA are in agreement with those obtained by many investigators in different plants, Abd El-Dayem (1999) reported that foliar spraying of BA significantly increased total leaves area/ plant of fodder beat plant. Also, Ibrahim, et al, (2010) on croton plants; Abd El-Dayem et al ., (2012) on sesame plant; Ismail (2016) on wheat plant El-Emary et al, (2018) on moringa plants and Zewail, et al, (2019) found that foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) and yeast extract increased growth characters i.e. number of leaves and leaves area/plant of soybean plants.…”

“…Several auther reported that yeast extract increased photosynthetic pigments content, i.e. chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in leaves of different plants Mekki and Ahamed (2005) on soybean; Wanas (2007) on wheat; El-Desouky et al, (2011) on tomato and Zewail et al, (2019) on soybean plant.…”

“…number of leaves/ plant, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves and roots as well as increased total indoles content in leaves. Also, Zewail et al, (2019) showed that foliar application with putrescine, benzyladenine (BA) and yeast extract significantly increased all growth characteristics of soybean plants as well as photosynthetic pigments and endogenous phytohormones content in leaves.…”