Enhancement of shrimp health and immunity with diets supplemented with combined probiotics: application to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections

Abstract

The application of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture is now a convincing approach towards replacement of antibiotics, which can cause adverse effects in aquatic animals and humans. In this study, we combined 2 probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with shrimp feed to create 2 formulas (WU8 and WU9), which were fed for 10 d to juvenile shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The shrimps were then subjected to a challenge infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND). The protective effects of probiotics against bacterial infection were investigated through histopathology of the hepatopancrease and immunological evaluation of shrimp. Both WU8 and WU9 probiotic mixtures (1:1, at 108 and 109 CFU kg diet-1) increased blasenzellen hepatopancreatic epithelial cells and reduced pathology caused by AHPND. After 10 d of feeding, hemocyte parameters, including the total hemocyte count, percent of granular hemocytes, and phenoloxidase activity, increased significantly and were still increasing at 24 h post infection. Crustin and penaeidin 3 genes were also highly upregulated in hemocytes before and after 24 h of bacterial challenge and significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas 1 to 5 d post-infection. A significantly higher survival rate was observed in shrimp fed with the probiotic supplemented diet (>90%) in comparison to the control group (60%). In conclusion, probiotic mixtures of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae reduced hepatopancreas pathology and protected shrimp from a challenge with AHPND.

Using lactic acid bacteria as an immunostimulants in cultured shrimp with special reference to Lactobacillus spp.

“…as probiotic in Penaeus monodon Fabricius (the giant tiger shrimp) as an effective treatment against white spot diseases and vibriosis. Pooljun et al (2020) confirmed that enriched juvenile shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)-fed diets with L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae mixture (1:1, at 10 8 and 10 9 CFU kg diet −1 ) impaired the adverse effects induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection (acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease, AHPND) via improved hemocyte parameters, including the total hemocyte count, granular hemocytes percentage, and phenol-oxidase activity as well as highly upregulated hemocytes genes (Crustin and penaeidin) and led to high survival rate. Recently, de Souza et al ( 2020) investigated that allocated pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in biofloc system (water contain beneficial bacterial strain) improved immune response against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection through upregulated calreticulin, β-tubulin, and prophenol-oxidase genes in hepatopancreas cells.…”

Antagonistic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Pathogenic Vibrios and Their Potential Use as Probiotics in Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Culture

“…In the last twenty years an increasing number of studies show improvements in growth, digestive enzymes and survival after bacterial challenge, changes in the gut microbiome, and enhanced immune capacity of P. vannamei following feeding with lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination with prebiotics, other probiotics, or immune stimulants (Chiu et al, 2007(Chiu et al, , 2021Vieira et al, 2008;Kongnum and Hongpattarakere, 2012;Nguyen et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2018Zheng et al, , 2020Du et al, 2020;Pooljun et al, 2020;Kuo et al, 2021;Prabawati et al, 2022). Most studies report enhanced growth in the presence of probiotics (e.g., Chiu et al, 2021;Kuo et al, 2021), others (Bernal et al, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2018) including our current study, did not find evidence of such improvements.…”

Limosilactobacillus fermentum SWP-AFFS02 Improves the Growth and Survival Rate of White Shrimp via Regulating Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota

“…such as Lactobacillus spp., could be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections, especially V. harveyi infection in shrimp aquaculture [48]. Pooljun et al (2020) confirmed that, after feeding juvenile shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) with L. acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture (1:1, at 10 8 and 10 9 CFU/kg feed), the adverse effects of acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease induced by V. parahaemolyticus infection were ameliorated by improving hemocyte parameters, including the THC, granular hemocyte percentage, and phenoloxidase activity, as well as by highly upregulating hemocyte genes (crustin and penaeidin), which lead to high shrimp survival rate [49].…”