Enhancement of self-phase modulation induced spectral broadening in silicon suspended membrane waveguides

Abstract

We experimentally observed a possibly enhanced self-phase modulation (SPM) in silicon suspended membrane waveguides (SMWs) by measuring the spectral broadening of optical pulses. The nonlinear coefficient n2 and the two-photon absorption coefficient β2 of silicon SMWs were measured to be (4.6 ± 0.9) × 10−18 m2 W−1 and 0.46 cm GW−1 at 1555 nm wavelength. We also proposed a method of using SPM-induced spectral broadening to obtain the coupling loss of a single grating coupler and experimentally compared the spectra of two grating couplers in silicon SMWs and in silicon-on-insulator waveguides.

Subwavelength Engineering in Silicon Photonic Devices

“…Also, the SMW ring resonator was experimentally characterized exhibiting a loaded Q factor of 8,100. The SMW platform is promising for nonlinear optics [118]. With a monolayer graphene on top, long-range lightgraphene interactions enable broadband light detection with a responsivity of 0.13 A/W at the wavelength of 2.75 μm [119], nonlinear absorption [120], and all-optical modulation [121].…”

Enhanced four-wave mixing with MoS2 on a silicon waveguide

“…Silicon photonics has enjoyed remarkable growth over the last two decades because of the rise of commercial applications in data center communications, using silicon transceivers, which can leverage on the high-yield and large volume manufacturing using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication process developed for microelectronics. Optical waveguides can be formed on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, and nonlinear effects like self-phase modulation [8], stimulated FWM [9,10], stimulated Brillouin scattering [11][12][13][14] and stimulated Raman scattering [15,16] have been studied. Potential applications of nonlinear silicon photonics have been explored extensively, including supercontinuum generation [17], light amplification [13,[18][19][20], and lasers [21,22].…”

“…Many approaches have been proposed to further enhance the nonlinear performance based on the SOI platform. One approach is to utilize novel structures to achieve higher nonlinearities [8,23]. In another way, enhanced optical nonlinearities in waveguides can be achieved by hybrid integration of a nonlinear material onto the upper cladding of a waveguide, such as the previously demonstrated graphene-onsilicon structure [24].…”

Low-Threshold Continuous-Wave Anti-Stokes Raman Lasing in Silicon Racetrack Resonators

“…19 Silicon as a complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor compatible platform has mature MPW-foundry processes and a high third-order nonlinear coefficient. 21 SRS in silicon platform has been studied extensively, including its use for optical amplification 22,23 and Raman lasers. 24−26 Compared to Stokes Raman silicon lasers, anti-Stokes Raman silicon lasers have not been well explored.…”

“…Nonlinear wavelength conversion is widely used to produce wavelength differences from a pump laser at either longer or shorter wavelengths and typically relies on nonlinear parametric conversion. − SRS-based wavelength conversion offers additional advantages of high efficiency that can enable cascaded Raman lasing for wavelength conversion spanning a large wavelength range. ,, A SRS wavelength converter can convert the pump wavelength to both the Stokes wavelength and the anti-Stokes wavelength via the SRS and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) covering a wide wavelength conversion range . Silicon as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible platform has mature MPW-foundry processes and a high third-order nonlinear coefficient . SRS in silicon platform has been studied extensively, including its use for optical amplification , and Raman lasers. − …”