Enhancement of nano-hydroxyapatite bonding to dentin through a collagen/calcium dual-affinitive peptide for dentinal tubule occlusion

Abstract

Calcium phosphate crystals, as the main component of dentin and enamel, have been widely used for the occlusion of dentinal tubules. However, the low bond strength and poor sealing effect limit their clinical practicality. In this study, a collagen/calcium dual-affinitive peptide E8DS (EEEEEEEEDSESSEEDR) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) flocculi were developed to seal dentin tubules for reducing dentin hypersensitivity, whereas the E8DS peptides were pre-applied to improve the adhesion of occlusive hydroxyapatite coating on dentin collagen matrix for the long-lasting sealing effect and relief from hypersensitivity. Our study showed that E8DS peptides had a strong affinity with dentin collageneous matrix that almost 43.7% of initial E8DS peptides immobilized on exposed dentin samples remained detained after continuous washing by distilled water for four weeks at a rate of 1 mL/min. Nano-HAp flocculi were obtained by re-neutralization of HAp-HCl solution and then brushed onto the surfaces of pre-treated human dentin disks with E8DS peptides, which showed a perfect occlusion of exposed dentinal tubules, as compared with Nano-HAp only and a commercial desensitizer, Green Or. With only around 10-min E8DS peptide pre-treatment, the occlusive mineral layers remained intact against consecutively stirred washing in phosphate-buffered saline or coke for 15 min, and 6 min of tooth-brushing, which implied that our E8DS peptide could comparatively improve the durability of sealant-dentin interface bonds for long-lasting dentine desensitization.

Effect of an Experimental Paste with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Fluoride on Dental Demineralisation and Remineralisation in situ

“…However, there are few studies about its effect on dentine de-remineralisation, and most of them analysed the desensitising effect or 504 morphological changes on dentine [Wang et al, 2012;Cao et al, 2013;Orsini et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014]. Products containing CPP-ACP have also shown some potential to prevent dental demineralisation and hypersensitivity as well as to increase remineralisation in vitro [Kumar et al, 2008;Cao et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2014].…”

Dentinal tubule occluding capability of nano‐hydroxyapatite; The in‐vitro evaluation

“…In recent years to occlude the dentinal tubule orifices has become the most discussed treatment of the dentin hypersensitivity (Pashley, Livingston, Reeder, & Horner, ). Many agents like; strontium salts (chloride, acetate), calcium sodium phosphosilicate, arginine with calcium carbonate, oxalates, fluoride compounds, and nanoparticles with various functionalizing molecules and methods like; iontophoresis, laser treatments, and adhesive material applications have been employed for this purpose (Addy, ; Blong, Volding, Thrash, & Jones, ; Cummins, ; Cunha‐Cruz, Stout, Heaton, & Wataha, ; Earl et al, ; Lavender, ; Lee, Kwon, & Kim, ; Thrash, Dodds, & Jones, ; Wang et al, ). The above mentioned agents have the noninvasiveness advantage and are found as active ingredients in home‐use desensitizing products.…”

“…Hence, nHAp is very desirable as a natural occluding material (Lin et al, ). Due to its mineral components being similar to bone and teeth of human body nHAp has received much attention in orthopedics, plastic surgery, and dental treatmentin recent years (Liu, Huang, Shen, & Cui, ).In developing new desensitizing agents, there is an increasing demand on using various nanoparticles (Chiang et al, ; Lee et al, ; Wang et al, ) or their combinations (Liu et al, ; Lin et al, ) because of the possibility of these materials may easily penetrate into dentin tubules and also may react as mineralising agents (Kulal, Jayanti, Sambashivaiah, & Bilchodmath, ; Yu et al, ). In this way, it may be ensured to do effective and long‐lasting therapy because the materials penetrated into dentin tubules and/or made chemical reaction with tooth structure are likely to be resistant to mechanical and chemical factors (Lavender, ).…”

“…In this way, it may be ensured to do effective and long‐lasting therapy because the materials penetrated into dentin tubules and/or made chemical reaction with tooth structure are likely to be resistant to mechanical and chemical factors (Lavender, ). There are studies which demonstrated the dentinal tubule occluding (Chiang et al, ; Lavender, ; Lee et al, ; Wang et al, ) and even plugging ability of nHAp alone (Liu et al, ; Lin et al, ) or varius combinations with other molecules like E8DS peptide, mesoporous silica biocomposite, and functional dendrimers (Kulal et al, ; Yu et al, ). In these studies, it is stated that nHAp was found to be better than desensitizing agents containing fluoride or arginine by its property of surface remineralisation and formation of biomimetic apatite coating on the dental hard tissue surfaces.…”

Effectiveness of various toothpastes on dentine tubule occlusion

“…[50][51][52] The idea behind this approach is that nanoparticles may easily penetrate into dentine tubules and that these nanoparticles could act as mineralising agents that block fluid movement within the dentine tubules when combined with various agents.…”