Enhancement of N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O during the October–November 2003 solar proton events

Funke, B.; García‐Comas, M.; López‐Puertas, M.; Glatthor, N.; Stiller, G. P.; Clarmann, T. von; Semeniuk, K.; McConnell, J. C.

doi:10.5194/acp-8-3805-2008

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, this warming event was further complicated by the occurrence of an energetic particle precipitation (EPP) event (López-Puertas et al, 2005;Randall et al, 2005;Rohen et al, 2005). Recently, more studies had analyzed the vertical couplings between mesosphere and stratosphere ( Pancheva et al, 2008) and the downward transport of nitrogen oxides (Clilverd et al, 2006;Seppälä et al, 2007;Funke et al, 2008) after this event. Vogel et al (2008) numerically quantified the effects of the EPP event on the stratospheric ozone losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

Liu

Wang

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We use the stratospheric/tropospheric chemical transport model MOZART-3 to study the distribution and transport of stratospheric O 3 during the remarkable stratospheric sudden warming event observed in January 2004 in the northern polar region. A comparison between observations by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT spacecraft and model simulations shows that the evolution of the polar vortex and of planetary waves during the warming event plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone and the downward ozone flux in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere (UTLS) region. Compared to the situation during the winter of 2002-2003, lower ozone concentrations were transported from the polar region to mid-latitudes, leading to exceptional large areas of low ozone concentrations outside the polar vortex and "low-ozone pockets" in the middle stratosphere. The unusually long-lasting stratospheric westward winds (easterlies) during the 2003-2004 event greatly restricted the upward propagation of planetary waves, causing the weak transport of ozone-rich air originated from low latitudes to the middle polar stratosphere (30 km). The restricted wave activities led to a reduced extratropical downward ozone flux from the lower stratosphere to the lowermost stratosphere (or from the "overworld" into the "middleworld"), especially over East Asia. Consequently, during wintertime (15 December∼15 February), the total downward ozone transport on 100 hPa surface by the descending branches of Brewer-Dobson cir- Moreover, during the two warming winters, the meridional CTOF caused by the isentropic transport associating with the enhanced wave activity also increased and played an important role in the total extratropical CTOF budget.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

Liu

Wang

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Reaction rates are from . For these simulations we have modified the N + N 2 reaction to include two additional pathways as described in Funke et al (2008). It should be noted that both WACCM and HAMMONIA use the same chemical solver based on the MOZART3 chemistry (Kinnison et al, 2007), include the same set of ionized species, and use the parameterized EUV ionization rates from Solomon and Qian (2005).…”

Section: Waccmmentioning

confidence: 99%

HEPPA-II model–measurement intercomparison project: EPP indirect effects during the dynamically perturbed NH winter 2008–2009

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We compare simulations from three high-top (with upper lid above 120 km) and five medium-top (with upper lid around 80 km) atmospheric models with observations of odd nitrogen (NO x = NO + NO 2 ), temperature, and carbon monoxide from seven satellite instruments (ACE-FTS on SciSat, GOMOS, MIPAS, and SCIAMACHY on Envisat, MLS on Aura, SABER on TIMED, and SMR on Odin) dur- Larger discrepancies of a few model simulations could be traced back either to the impact of the models' gravity wave drag scheme on the polar wintertime meridional circulation or to a combination of prescribed NO x mixing ratio at the uppermost model layer and low vertical resolution. In March-April, after the ES event, however, modelled mesospheric and stratospheric NO x distributions deviate significantly from the observations. The too-fast and early downward propagation of the NO x tongue, encountered in most simulations, coincides with a temperature high bias in the lower mesosphere (0.2-0.05 hPa), likely caused by an overestimation of descent velocities. In contrast, uppermesospheric temperatures (at 0.05-0.001 hPa) are generally underestimated by the high-top models after the onset of the ES event, being indicative for too-slow descent and hence too-low NO x fluxes. As a consequence, the magnitude of the simulated NO x tongue is generally underestimated by these models. Descending NO x amounts simulated with mediumtop models are on average closer to the observations but show a large spread of up to several hundred percent. This is primarily attributed to the different vertical model domains in which the NO x upper boundary condition is applied. In general, the intercomparison demonstrates the ability of stateof-the-art atmospheric models to reproduce the EPP indirect effect in dynamically and geomagnetically quiescent NH winter conditions. The encountered differences between observed and simulated NO x , CO, and temperature distributions during the perturbed phase of the 2009 NH winter, however, emphasize the need for model improvements in the dynamical representation of elevated stratopause events in order to allow for a better description of the EPP indirect effect under these particular conditions.

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“…Reaction rates are from Sander et al (2006). For these simulations we have modified the N + NO 2 reaction to include two additional pathways as described in Funke et al (2008). It should be noted that both WACCM and HAMMO-NIA use the same chemical solver based on the MOZART3 chemistry , include the same set of ionized species, and use the parameterized EUV ionization rates from Solomon and Qian (2005).…”

Section: Waccmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several model studies, aiming at reproducing observed short-and medium-term composition changes after this particular event (Jackman et al, 2008;Verronen et al, 2008;Funke et al, 2008;Egorova et al, 2011) and evaluating SPE-induced long-term effects (Jackman et al, 2009) have been carried out in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

et al. 2011

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spheric models to reproduce observed atmospheric perturbations generated by SPEs, particularly with respect to NO y and ozone changes. We have further assessed the meteorological conditions and their implications for the chemical response to the SPE in both the models and observations by comparing temperature and tracer (CH 4 and CO) fields.Simulated SPE-induced ozone losses agree on average within 5 % with the observations. Simulated NO y enhancements around 1 hPa, however, are typically 30 % higher than indicated by the observations which are likely to be related to deficiencies in the used ionization rates, though other error sources related to the models' atmospheric background state and/or transport schemes cannot be excluded. The analysis of the observed and modeled NO y partitioning in the aftermath of the SPE has demonstrated the need to implement additional ion chemistry (HNO 3 formation via ion-ion recombination and water cluster ions) into the chemical schemes. An overestimation of observed H 2 O 2 enhancements by all models hints at an underestimation of the OH/HO 2 ratio in the upper polar stratosphere during the SPE. The analysis of chlorine species perturbations has shown that the encountered Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 9090 B. Funke et al.: HEPPA intercomparison study differences between models and observations, particularly the underestimation of observed ClONO 2 enhancements, are related to a smaller availability of ClO in the polar night region already before the SPE. In general, the intercomparison has demonstrated that differences in the meteorology and/or initial state of the atmosphere in the simulations cause a relevant variability of the model results, even on a short timescale of only a few days.

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Enhancement of N<sub>2</sub>O during the October–November 2003 solar proton events

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

HEPPA-II model–measurement intercomparison project: EPP indirect effects during the dynamically perturbed NH winter 2008–2009

Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

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Enhancement of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O during the October–November 2003 solar proton events

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

HEPPA-II model–measurement intercomparison project: EPP indirect effects during the dynamically perturbed NH winter 2008–2009

Composition changes after the &quot;Halloween&quot; solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

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Product

Resources

About

Enhancement of N<sub>2</sub>O during the October–November 2003 solar proton events

Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study