Enhancement of n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides in Sardine oil by a bioimprinted cross-linked Candida rugosa lipase

Cross‐linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant Candida antarctica lipase B for the efficient synthesis of olvanil, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue

“…To overcome this limitation, the induced complex can be locked by immobilization on aminated or hydrophobic supports or trapped by cross‐linking upon precipitation . This technique not only allows the enhancement of the activity and selectivity of immobilized enzymes, but also the specificity and thermal stability of lipases, and can be strategically combined with an induced interfacial activation to enhance the catalytic properties of lipases. For instance, Liu and colleagues immobilized a bioimprinted and interfacial activated B. cepacia lipase on a macroporous resin and observed a 21.7‐fold increased specificity, stronger tolerance to organic solvents and high temperatures with practically no decrease in activity after 50 cycles of use …”

“…46,47 To overcome this limitation, the induced complex can be locked by immobilization on aminated or hydrophobic supports or trapped by cross-linking upon precipitation. 46,49,50 This technique not only allows the enhancement of the activity and selectivity of immobilized enzymes, but also the specificity and thermal stability of lipases, 44,48,51 and can be strategically com-…”

Integrated Production of Biodiesel and Concentration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Glycerides Through Effective Enzymatic Catalysis

“…Especially, the enzymatic process has been thought to be more advantageous for maintaining the structure of DHA and EPA, as no aggressive agents are used and the reaction temperature is relatively low during the enzymatic catalysis (Valverde et al, 2012). The lipase's specifics, the reaction process, as well as the acyl donor and the acyl acceptor may influence the enzymatic process, resulting in varied effects on DHA/EPA's enrichment (Shimada et al, 1997b;Valverde et al, 2012Valverde et al, , 2013Valverde et al, , 2014Wang et al, 2012;Akanbi et al, 2013;Bhandari et al, 2013Bhandari et al, , 2015Shanmugam and Donaldson, 2015;Sampath et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

“…There are some researches attempting to obtain natural glyceride concentrates of PUFAs from fish oil by utilizing the selectivity of lipases, including the lipase-mediated selective hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and esterification process. Sampath et al (2018) concentrated PUFAs in glycerides via selective hydrolysis of Sardine oil catalyzed by a bioimprinted cross-linked Candida rugosa lipase, which was effective in catalyzing the hydrolysis of ester linkages of non-PUFA glycerides. Bhandari et al (2013Bhandari et al ( , 2015 synthesized glyceride mixture enriched in DHA through the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B)-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with DHA-rich FAs obtained by lipase-catalyzed selective esterification of tuna-FFA.…”

“…Valverde et al (2012Valverde et al ( , 2013Valverde et al ( , 2014 realized the selective concentration of DHA and EPA in glycerides via different lipase-mediated alcoholysis of fish oil with different acyl acceptors. At present, although the enrichment of PUFAs in glycerides catalyzed by lipase could be realized by a one-step process like selective hydrolysis or alcoholysis (Valverde et al, 2012(Valverde et al, , 2013(Valverde et al, , 2014Akanbi et al, 2013;Sampath et al, 2018) and a two-step process like selective esterificationesterification (Bhandari et al, 2013(Bhandari et al, , 2015, the related researches paid no attention to the different physiological effects of DHA and EPA, and the ratio of DHA/EPA in the glycerides is settled and non-adjustable; in addition, few researches focused on the utilization of the non-PUFAs in the fish oil, causing the waste of the raw material.…”