Enhancement of hole injection by metal anode in organic light-emitting diodes

Tamano, Kouji; Cho, Don-Chan; Mori, Toshiyuki; Mizutani, Teruyoshi; Sugiyama, Manabu

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(03)00731-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(3b), where = 4.1͓D͔, 8 n = 2.0ϫ 10 27 ͓m −3 ͔, 11 and s = 2.8. 12 The values of S 1 are very small, but not zero. In other words, Alq 3 molecules are tilting and nearly facing to the substrate, but they contribute to the establishment of the spontaneous surface potential.…”

Section: A Surface Potential Of Alq 3 Evaporated Film Before and Aftmentioning

confidence: 96%

Large surface potential of Alq3 film and its decay

Yoshizaki

Manaka

Iwamoto

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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The surface potential across Alq 3 [tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum] evaporated films on a metal (Au, Al) electrode was measured by the Kelvin probe method and the results were discussed taking into account the orientational ordering of Alq 3 molecules, the presence of surface charges on Alq 3 films and the displacement of excess charge (electrons and holes) from the electrode into Alq 3 films. The very large surface potential established in as-deposited Alq 3 films was mainly due to the alignment of dipoles of Alq 3 molecules, whereas the small surface potential that remained in the films after photoirradiation was due to excess charge. In order to clarify the drastic decrease of surface potential by photoirradiation, the surface potential decay was examined.

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Section: A Surface Potential Of Alq 3 Evaporated Film Before and Aftmentioning

confidence: 96%

Large surface potential of Alq3 film and its decay

Yoshizaki

Manaka

Iwamoto

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) based on small molecular organic materials or polymers have received intensive research interest because of their promising application to full-color flat panel displays [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been directed at developing more efficient OLEDs, which employ low operating voltage and achieve high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency and external quantum efficiency [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of electrode effects on the electrical and luminescent characteristics of Alq3/TPD OLED: Improvements due to conductive polymer (PEDOT) anode

Jones

et al. 2007

Journal of Luminescence

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“…For example, their conductivity and reflectivity is improved more than 50 times compared normally fabricated [10,11]. In addition, the hardness and physical stability of these layers increase too.…”

Section: Layer and Device Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and optimization of the deposition process of aluminum top electrodes for organic devices

et al. 2008

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We investigated the effect of thermal stress, caused by the deposition of aluminum on top of an organic light emitting diode (OLED), on the device performance and proved our simulated results by experimental tests. Concerning the temperature of the substrate, we found a much larger influence of thermal radiation, caused by the evaporation source and the environmental setting compared to the kinetic and thermal energy of the deposited material itself. Due to these results, we developed a new system for metal deposition, using the flash-evaporation technique. Using it, we were able to minimize the influence of thermal radiation and geometry on the evaporation. Therefore the substrate heating was reduced by more than 90 % and the photometric efficiencies of test-devices were improved slightly. Additionally the time of deposition and retention was lowered by 90 %, with an increased material yield of more than 55 % at the same time. The resistance of the conducting layer decreases by two orders of magnitude, caused by emerging micro crystals. Surprisingly, the roughness of the surface actually decreased slightly.

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Enhancement of hole injection by metal anode in organic light-emitting diodes

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Large surface potential of Alq3 film and its decay

Large surface potential of Alq3 film and its decay

A comparative study of electrode effects on the electrical and luminescent characteristics of Alq3/TPD OLED: Improvements due to conductive polymer (PEDOT) anode

Characterization and optimization of the deposition process of aluminum top electrodes for organic devices

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