Enhancement of Fibroblasts Outgrowth onto Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Grafted by Laminin Protein Using Carbon Dioxide Plasma Treatment

Abstract

A common approach in tissue engineering is to mimic the architecture of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM plays an important role in regulating cellular behaviors by influencing cells with biochemical signals and topographical cues. Nanofibrous constructs have been used extensively as potential tissue engineering platforms. It is generally hypothesized that a close imitation of the ECM will provide a more conducive environment for cellular functions ranging from adhesion, migration, proliferation to differentiation. In this study, the polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers designed were then modified by carbon dioxide plasma and laminin in order to enhance the cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation. The samples were evaluated by attenuated total reflectancefourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle and finally, cell culture. ATR-FTIR structural analysis showed the presence of functional groups on the nanofibrous surfaces. The SEM images showed the average diameter of nanofibers to be about 100 -300 nm for samples. The 82° difference was obtained in the contact angle analysis, obtained for the laminin-modified nanofibrous mat against the unmodified nanofibrous mat. Cellular investigation showed better adhesion and cell growth and proliferation of laminin-modified nanofibrous samples than other samples. Therefore, the modification of electrospun scaffolds with bioactive protein is beneficial as this can create an environment that consists of biochemical cues to further promote cell adhesion and proliferation.

Fabrication and Plasma Modification of Nanofibrous Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

“…The subsequent dip coating in a laminin solution resulted in a further decrease in WCA value down to 30 • . Similar as the previously mentioned studies, the adsorbed laminin was found to be responsible for significantly improved fibroblast viability compared to the plasma-treated electrospun PCL scaffold [286].…”

“…In contrast, a longer treatment time of 7 min resulted in less efficient heparin grafting. In a more recent study by Sahebalzamani et al, laminin has been physically adsorbed on CO 2 plasma-treated electrospun PCL scaffolds [286]. The conducted plasma treatment led to a reduction of the WCA value from 112 • to 67 • due to the introduction of oxygen-containing functionalities.…”

“…Consequently, Rajabi et al [272] came to the same conclusion as Koh et al [285], namely that laminin-coated scaffolds can be excellent candidates for nerve TE applications. In a more recent study by Sahebalzamani et al, laminin has been physically adsorbed on CO2 plasma-treated electrospun PCL scaffolds [286]. The conducted plasma treatment led to a reduction of the WCA value from 112° to 67° due to the introduction of oxygen-containing functionalities.…”

Biocompatibility of Cyclopropylamine-Based Plasma Polymers Deposited at Sub-Atmospheric Pressure on Poly (ε-caprolactone) Nanofiber Meshes

“…One of the most suitable and widely used techniques to achieve this goal is via plasma activation, which is known to introduce polar functional surface groups such as hydroxyls, carboxylic acids, amino groups, etc. [6,7,21,22,23,24]. Furthermore, this technique does not alter the morphology and bulk properties of the NF samples and typically greatly enhances surface biocompatibility.…”

Modifying the Tumour Microenvironment: Challenges and Future Perspectives for Anticancer Plasma Treatments

“…Increased expression in wound bed region in mice [172]. Enhanced adhesion, growth, and viability in plasma-treated LM-modified PCL* [173] ONOOH and HOCl induce nitration, oxidation, and chlorination of LM residues [174][175][176]. Modification of self-polymerization and cell adhesion sites, which modulates the ECM structure…”