“…However, these mechanisms do not appear sufficient to generate slow oscillatory activity in the STN-GP network in brain slices that preserve connectivity between GP and STN (Loucif et al, 2005). Nevertheless, these observations provide evidence that GP and STN networks have intrinsic mechanisms for supporting oscillatory activity in slow frequency ranges and led Plenz and Kitai (1999) to propose that activity in the indirect pathway supports changes in firing patterns observed after dopamine loss in vivo.In vitro studies have made considerable progress in characterizing the neurophysiological properties of the STN neurons and exploring how different patterns of inhibitory and excitatory input might affect STN activity (Mintz et al, 1986;Nakanishi et al, 1987;Beurrier et al, 1999;Bevan and Wilson, 1999;Bevan et al, 2000Bevan et al, , 2002aWigmore and Lacey, 2000;Zhu et al, 2002;Do and Bean, 2003;Hallworth et al, 2003; Wilson et al, 2004a,b;Baufreton et al, 2005;Surmeier et al, 2005;Kass and Mintz, 2006). With respect to the interplay of excitatory and inhibitory input, GABAergic inhibition can increase the efficiency of STN response to excitatory input by promoting recovery of inactivated voltage-dependent Na+ (Na v ) channels (Baufreton et al, 2005).…”