Enhancement of electrical conductivity of polypyrrole by stretching

Osagawara, M.; Funahashi, Kazutoshi; Demura, Tetsuo; Hagiwara, Toru; Iwata, Kaoru

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(86)90127-x

Cited by 140 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this regard, cis-polyacetylene has been stretch-oriented and subsequently doped into a highly conducting form [380, 489±491], and a stretching-induced crossover from a semiconducting to metallic state in iodine-doped polyacetylene ®lms was observed [381]. Highly aligned electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole ®lms with conductivities along the alignment direction up to 1005 S/cm have also been prepared by stretching them to more than twice their original length [492,493]. Elongations up to ®ve times the initial length were demonstrated to be possible for P3HT [494] and poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) upon stretching [495].…”

Section: Advanced Microfabrications Of Oriented and Patterned Conjugamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Dai

1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Section: Advanced Microfabrications Of Oriented and Patterned Conjugamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Dai

1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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“…A Ag/AgCI reference electrode and Pt counter electrode were also employed in the electrochemical cell. Details of the EQCM are documented in previous 5 literaturel 2 ,1 7 . The EQCM sensitivity is 18 ng Hz-1 cm-2 with a working electrode area of 0.71 cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically initiated chain polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous media

Qiu

Reynolds

1992

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance has been employed to investigate the electropolymerization of pyrrole in a variety of aqueous electrolytes. In contrast to the generally accepted cation–radical coupling process for the electropolymerization of pyrrole, an electrochemically initiated chain polymerization, featuring a high polymerization rate and involving little charge transport, was found under specific conditions in the presence of ClO−4, BF−4, and PF−6 electrolytes. The more typical cation‐radical coupling mechanism, characterized by a constant polymerization charge to mass deposited ratio, is observed in the presence of Cl−, NO−3, dodecyl sulfate, copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, β‐cyclodextrin tetradecasulfate, and poly(styrene sulfonate). Electrochemical characterizations of polypyrrole films prepared in aqueous ClO−4 electrolytes reveal that the polymer formed via chain polymerization exhibits the ability to transport both cations and anions during electrochemical switching between redox states, while the polymer synthesized through cation‐radical coupling is only capable of transporting a single ionic species.

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“…Li has shown that the Py polymerization rate is directly proportional to the anion concentration of the monomer solution (for [A -] < 1 M). 23 For electrochemical PPy synthesis, various parameters such as the applied potential or the anodic current, 24 the concentration of monomer, 25 the nature of the supporting electrolyte, 26 and the nature of the working electrode 27 have an influence on the growth kinetics and the final structure of the polymer. 28,29 Polypyrrole nanostructures have been obtained using pyrrole solution containing either monohydrogenophosphate 28 or mixing of monohydrogenophosphate and dihydrogenophosphate (phosphate buffer solution (PBS)) [30][31][32][33][34][35] or carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Templateless electrogeneration of polypyrrole nanostructures: impact of the anionic composition and pH of the monomer solution

2014

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Different superhydrophilic polypyrrole nanostructures can be electrosynthezised in the presence of anions of weak acid (monohydrogenophosphate) and non-acidic anions (perchlorate) without the need for templates. Actually the type of nanostructures formed depends both on the concentration of anions at the electrode and on the interfacial pH. Depending on the anion composition of the pyrrole aqueous solution the film electrogenerated under a given applied potential is either a very thin membrane (10-20 nm) consisting of overoxidized polypyrrole or a tridimensional film with oriented nanowire array or a network of more or less interconnected nanofibers. The formation of such nanostructures is explained by a side reaction which is water oxidation. Since this reaction is pH-dependent, the pH of the pyrrole solution is one of the key parameter for the synthesis of such nanostructures. The reaction mechanism is discussed and compared to those proposed in the literature for nanofiber network electrosynthesis.Actually in the monomer solution, the role of the anions of weak acid is twofold. On the one hand they allow to limit the decrease of the interfacial pH during pyrrole oxidation and on the other hand to decrease the interfacial anion concentration, so that water oxidation takes place with formation of hydroxyl radicals and dioxygen nanobubbles.

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Enhancement of electrical conductivity of polypyrrole by stretching

Cited by 140 publications

References 14 publications

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Electrochemically initiated chain polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous media

Templateless electrogeneration of polypyrrole nanostructures: impact of the anionic composition and pH of the monomer solution

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