Enhancement from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste by Conductive Materials: Performance and Mechanism

Abstract

Conductive materials (CM) have recently attracted research interest in the anaerobic digestion of food waste to achieve reduction and resource utilization. Fe-metal organic frameworks (Fe-MOF) and Ketjen Black (KB), the conductive materials (CMs), were added for the enhancement of food waste digestion. This study therefore, is intended to fill in this knowledge gap and clarify the underlying mechanism of CM-promoted performance. Batch experiments revealed that the optimal additions of Fe-MOF and KB were 0.5 g·L–1 and 0.2 g·L–1, respectively. The biogas production increased by 27.50% and 29.45% compared with the blank group, and the removal efficiency of volatile solids (VS), total solids (TS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased by 18.28%, 40.52%, and 15.31%. The lag period was shortened from 3.042 to 2.006 and 1.544 days, respectively. Mechanism studies revealed that Fe-MOF and KB were beneficial to food waste digestion, and the functional groups of Fe-MOF and KB increased the buffer capacity of the system to pH and ammonia nitrogen. The physicochemical properties of Fe-MOF and KB promote the activity of the electron transfer system (ETS); the ETS activity was about 2 times the 11.32 mg·(g·h)−1 of the blank group. Zeta potential and electrical conductivity were beneficial to the establishment of intermicrobial direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET).