Enhanced ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds

Abstract

Quinolizidine alkaloids are the main bioactive components in Sophora alopecuroides L. This study reports a novel ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis method for the extraction of these important alkaloids. Box-Behnken design, a widely used response surface methodology, was used to investigate the effects of process variables on ultrasound bath-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH) extraction. Four independent variables, pH, extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (min) and solvent-to-material ratio (mL/g), were studied. For the extraction of sophocarpine, oxysophocarpine, oxymatrine, matrine, sophoramine, sophoridine and cytisine, the optimal UAEH condition was found to be a pH of 5, extraction temperature of 54 °C, extraction time of 60 min and solvent-to-material ratio of 112 mL/g. The experimental values obtained under optimal conditions were fairly consistent with the predicted values. UAEH extraction was then compared with reflux heating, enzymatic extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Of these extraction methods, UAEH extraction under optimal conditions produced the highest yield for seven types of alkaloids. In addition, UAEH extraction resulted in lower ingredient degradation than reflux heating extraction.

Extraction of Alkaloids Using Ultrasound from Pulp and By-Products of Soursop Fruit (Annona muricata L.)

“…Extraction time (min) 5 Thus, the use of UAE is useful to obtain an efficient extraction of alkaloids from A. muricata. RSM tools have been used to optimize the extraction of ALKs using UAE in tubers of the Stephania cambodica plant [20] and Sophora alopecuroides [21].…”

“…Vinatoru et al [32] reported an increase in the percentage (77%) of alkaloid extraction from ipecacuana root (Cephaelis ipecacuanha) and Jaborandi leaf (Pilocarpus microphyllus) when the extracts were obtained using UAE compared to the extraction using Soxhlet (22%). Additionally, Wang et al [21] reported that alkaloid extraction from Sophora alopecuroides seeds produced the highest extraction yield (4.6% and 38.3%) when compared to extraction using reflux heating and enzymatic extraction, respectively.…”

“…The authors concluded that the UAE is a practical extraction procedure for obtaining alkaloid-rich extracts for pharmacological research. Meanwhile, Wang et al [21] applied UAE and RSM to extract ALKs from Sophora alopecuroides seeds, and found that UAE improved yield by 32% to 136% compared to the enzymatic extraction method. On the other hand, Yohannes et al [22] found that, when they used UAE (extraction time 30 min, 90 W) on Radix physochlainae, the extraction efficiency of ALKs was 121.3% compared to extraction by heating.…”

Determination of Cytisine and N-Methylcytisine from Selected Plant Extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Comparison of Their Cytotoxic Activity

“…Wang et al for the analysis of cytisine and other quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds applied the hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) technique that uses a polar stationary phases such as silica or a polar bonded phases in conjuction with a mobile phase containing an appreciable quantity of water combined with a higher proportion of a less polar solvent (often acetonitrile). In the procedure, analytes were separated on an amide column with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water, formic acid, and ammonium acetate [22].…”

Role of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Review of the Treatment Potential and Development Strategy

“…Matrine (MAT), an alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens , possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer ( Cao and He, 2020 ), anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive ( Oveissi et al, 2019 ). Molecularly imprinted solid-phase and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic methods are used to extract MAT ( Guo et al, 2011 ; Wang H. et al, 2018 ), which has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, and rheumatoid arthritis ( Zhang H. et al, 2020 ). MAT is injected intraperitoneally at 10–250 mg/kg, and within this range, the injected drugs may have corresponding pharmacological effects ( Wang M. et al, 2019 ; Balkrishna et al, 2020 ; Sun N. et al, 2020 ).…”