Enhanced Timestamping Method for Subnanosecond Time Synchronization in IEEE 802.11 Over WLAN Standard Conditions

Seijo, Óscar; López-Fernández, Jesús A.; Bernhard, Hans-Peter; Val, Iñaki

doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2959200

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This MAC layer proposal combines in the same time schedule the NOMA signal ensemble with a TDMA medium access technique to guarantee deterministic packet delivery and a packet retransmission scheme in the time domain to increase the reliability. Additionally, it is assumed that the nodes share a common time reference that allows guaranteed access to the medium without any interferences, such as [40] [41]. In order to measure the benefits of introducing NOMA, a single-layer…”

Section: A Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet refer to the expected revolution in production, utility management and, in general, fully automated, interconnected and digitally managed industrial ecosystems. One of the key enablers for Industry 4.0 lies on reliable and timely exchange of information and large scale deployment of wireless communications in industry facilities. Wireless will bring solutions to overcome the main drawbacks of the current wired systems: lack of mobility, deployment costs, cable damage dependency and scalability. However, the strict requirements in reliability and latency of use cases such as Factory Automation (FA) and Process Automation (PA) are still a major challenge and a barrier for massive deployment of currently available wireless standards. This paper proposes a PHY/MAC wireless communication solution for FA and PA based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in combination with the 802.11n standard. The communication system proposed aims at delivering two different sets of services. The first service class is composed of Critical Services (CS) with strict restrictions in reliability and latency. The same communication system should convey also a second group of services, referred as Best Effort (BE) with more relaxed boundary conditions. The proposal theoretical background, a detailed transmission-reception architecture, the physical layer performance and the MAC level system reliability are presented in this paper. The solution provides significantly better reliability and higher flexibility than TDMA systems, jointly with a predictable control-cycle latency.

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Section: A Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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“…It is assumed that all the APs are connected and synchronized so that they all receive the information that the UF contains. Additionally, nodes are suppposed to share a common time reference that grants interference free access to the medium as described in [51] [52].…”

Section: A Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

et al. 2021

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New use cases and applications in factory automation scenarios impose demanding requirements for traditional industrial communications. In particular, latency and reliability are considered as some of the most representative Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that limit the technological choices addressing wireless communications. Indeed, there is a considerable research effort ongoing in the area of wireless systems, not only from academia, but also from companies, towards novel solutions that fit Industry 4.0 KPIs. A major limitation for traditional wireless architectures is related to the harsh nature of the industrial propagation channel. Accordingly, this paper addresses these challenges by studying the reliability and latency performance of the joint use of different retransmission schemes in combination with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques. Two general retransmission schemes have been tested: time-based and spatial diversity-based retransmissions. An adaptive injection level NOMA solution has been combined with the retransmission schemes to improve the reliability of critical information. In all cases, a particular set of simulations has been carried out varying the main parameters, such as modulation, code rate and the injection level. Moreover, the impact of the number of transmitters in relation to the communication reliability has been analyzed. Results show that spatial diversity-based retransmissions overcome considerably the reliability obtained with time-domain retransmissions while maintaining assumable latency rates.

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“…Finally, the sub-cycle information and the reception delays are added to the captured values from the seconds and cycles counters in (6).…”

Section: B Precise Network Time Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smart cities and grids, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), telecom, wireless networks, electronic trading, vehicular communications or Internet of Things (IoT) are examples of the rise in distributed synchronized networks with demanding requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency or monitoring [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Network Time Monitoring: Picosecond-Level Packet Timestamping for Fintech Networks

2021

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Network visibility and monitoring are critical in modern networks due to the increased density, additional complexity, higher bandwidth, and lower latency requirements. Precise packet timestamping and synchronization are essential to temporally correlate captured information in different datacenter locations. This is key for visibility, event ordering and latency measurements in segments as telecom, power grids and electronic trading in finance, where order execution and reduced latency are critical for successful business outcomes. This contribution presents Precise Network Time Monitoring (PNTM), a novel mechanism for asynchronous Ethernet packet timestamping which adapts a Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD) implemented in an FPGA. Picosecond-precision packet timestamping is outlined for 1 Gigabit Ethernet. Furthermore, this approach is combined with the White Rabbit (WR) synchronization protocol, used as reference for the IEEE 1588-2019 High Accuracy Profile to provide unprecedented packet capturing correlation accuracy in distributed network scenarios thanks to its sub-nanosecond time transfer. The paper presents different application examples, describes the method of implementation, integration of WR with PNTM and subsequently describes experiments to demonstrate that PNTM is a suitable picosecond-level distributed packet timestamping solution.

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Enhanced Timestamping Method for Subnanosecond Time Synchronization in IEEE 802.11 Over WLAN Standard Conditions

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

Precise Network Time Monitoring: Picosecond-Level Packet Timestamping for Fintech Networks

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