Enhanced Stability of Rubrene against Oxidation by Partial and Complete Fluorination

Anger, F.; Breuer, Tobias; Ruff, Adrian; Klues, Michael; Gerlach, Alexander; Scholz, Reinhard; Ludwigs, Sabine; Witte, Gregor; Schreiber, Frank

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12293

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In practice, best‐performing semiconductors in OFETs tend to have IP s ranging from 5.1–5.3 eV because it is a good compromise between easy charge injection and stability versus oxidation . Compounds with IP < 5.1 eV tend to oxidize easily and their transport properties can be subject to oxygen doping . The difference between the ionization potential in solid state ( IP s ) minus the one obtained in gas phase ( IP g ) affords the polarization energy P + that evidently depends on the packing motif

P_{+} = I P_{s} - I P_{g}

…”

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One new research line would then consist in growing single crystals of pure organic semiconductors with well distributed dopant molecules that are commensurate with the crystal lattice of known molecular semiconductors. For example, one can imagine alloying rubrene 3 with the recently reported perfluororubrene provided that the latter can fit within the crystal lattice of the former and is a sufficiently good acceptor . The situation is, thus, different from the cocrystallization of donor and acceptor systems forming crystal structures that have nothing in common with those of pure components.…”

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

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The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.

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P_{+} = I P_{s} - I P_{g}

…”

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

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“…The results revealed that a native crystalline rubrene peroxide layer is formed on top of crystalline domains of pristine rubrene . One strategy to enhance the stability of rubrene is a chemical modification of the rubrene core via fluorination . Anger et al demonstrated that modification of rubrene with fluorine atoms could enhance the stability of rubrene against photo‐oxidation both in solution and in the solid state because of the increased oxidation potential …”

Section: Approaches To Overcome the Instability Caused By Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

et al. 2017

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Recent interest in flexible electronics has led to a paradigm shift in consumer electronics, and the emergent development of stretchable and wearable electronics is opening a new spectrum of ubiquitous applications for electronics. Organic electronic materials, such as π-conjugated small molecules and polymers, are highly suitable for use in low-cost wearable electronic devices, and their charge-carrier mobilities have now exceeded that of amorphous silicon. However, their commercialization is minimal, mainly because of weaknesses in terms of operational stability, long-term stability under ambient conditions, and chemical stability related to fabrication processes. Recently, however, many attempts have been made to overcome such instabilities of organic electronic materials. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies developed for environmentally robust organic electronics to overcome the detrimental effects of various critical factors such as oxygen, water, chemicals, heat, and light. Additionally, molecular design approaches to π-conjugated small molecules and polymers that are highly stable under ambient and harsh conditions are explored; such materials will circumvent the need for encapsulation and provide a greater degree of freedom using simple solution-based device-fabrication techniques. Applications that are made possible through these strategies are highlighted.

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“…88, 103901 (2017) in the context of solvent annealing microstructural transformations, 29 organic semiconductor (OSC)-based sensors, 30 and OPV stability. 31 One frequently used molecule is bathophenanthroline (BPhen), which is typically used as a buffer or doped electron transport layer between the active layer organic absorber/emitter and the evaporated metal cathode, composed of materials such as aluminium. Although ubiquitous in a number of organic light emitting diode (OLED) and OPV architectures, few if any investigations of the microstructure of vacuum-deposited BPhen exist.…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

MINERVA: A facility to study Microstructure and INterface Evolution in Realtime under VAcuum

Nicklin

Hardigree

Warne

et al. 2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A sample environment to enable real-time X-ray scattering measurements to be recorded during the growth of materials by thermal evaporation in vacuum is presented. The in situ capabilities include studying microstructure development with time or during exposure to different environmental conditions, such as temperature and gas pressure. The chamber provides internal slits and a beam stop, to reduce the background scattering from the X-rays passing through the entrance and exit windows, together with highly controllable flux rates of the evaporants. Initial experiments demonstrate some of the possibilities by monitoring the growth of bathophenanthroline (BPhen), a common molecule used in organic solar cells and organic light emitting diodes, including the development of the microstructure with time and depth within the film. The results show how BPhen nanocrystal structures coarsen at room temperature under vacuum, highlighting the importance of using real time measurements to understand the as-deposited pristine film structure and its development with time. More generally, this sample environment is versatile and can be used for investigation of structure-property relationships in a wide range of vacuum deposited materials and their applications in, for example, optoelectronic devices and energy storage.

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Enhanced Stability of Rubrene against Oxidation by Partial and Complete Fluorination

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

MINERVA: A facility to study Microstructure and INterface Evolution in Realtime under VAcuum

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