Enhanced selective leaching of scandium from red mud

Zhou, Kanggen; Teng, Chunying; Zhang, Xuekai; Peng, Changhong; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.10.011

Cited by 68 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous research has shown the best efficiency of hydrochloric acid compared to sulfuric and nitric acid for leaching of aluminosilicate minerals [59]. It is then possible to recover selectively scandium from the chloride solutions by resins or extraction methods [60][61][62]. The separation of aluminum and calcium chlorides was previously studied in coal fly ash utilization [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Zinoveev

Grudinsky

Zakunov

et al. 2019

Metals

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Red mud is a by-product of alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer method, which contains considerable amounts of valuable components such as iron, aluminum, titanium, and scandium. In this study, an approach was applied to extract iron, i.e., carbothermic reduction roasting of red mud with sodium and potassium carbonates followed by magnetic separation. The thermodynamic analysis of iron and iron-free components’ behavior during carbothermic reduction was carried out by HSC Chemistry 9.98 (Outotec, Pori, Finland) and FactSage 7.1 (Thermfact, Montreal, Canada; GTT-Technologies, Herzogenrath, Germany) software. The effects of the alkaline carbonates’ addition, as well as duration and temperature of roasting on the iron metallization degree, iron grains’ size, and magnetic separation process were investigated experimentally. The best conditions for the reduction roasting were found to be as follows: 22.01% of K2CO3 addition, 1250 °C, and 180 min of duration. As a generalization of the obtained data, the mechanism of alkaline carbonates’ influence on iron grain growth was proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Zinoveev

Grudinsky

Zakunov

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…There are only very few mining sites producing scandium worldwide (essentially in Scandinavian area); and the production is essentially considered a subproduct of other mining activities. The strong industrial development of fuel cells makes necessary the recovery and recycling of scandium from waste materials [2], mining [3] or metallurgy residues [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternization of algal/PEI beads (a new sorbent): Characterization and application to scandium sorption from aqueous solutions

Hamza

Wei

Guibal³

2020

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…It seems that there was no leaching enhancement or selectivity by using EDTA. Zhou et al 17 . conducted similar studies, however, and they found significant selective leaching of Sc over Fe when the leaching temperature was above 60 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Selective leaching of scandium and yttrium from red mud induced by hydrothermal treatment

Liliou

Saru

Veksha

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The red mud (bauxite residue) is a rare earth element (REE) bearing material that should be considered a valuable resource. This research investigated the selective leaching of scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y) from red mud by agitation leaching, as well as thermal and hydrothermal processing. Material characterization was conducted to shed light on the leaching mechanism for high REE extraction selectivity. RESULTS The agitation leaching with HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 was insufficient for high leaching efficiencies of REEs. The addition of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) had a minor influence in the leaching of elements. Two acid combinations (0.27 Μ HCl + 0.2 Μ H2SO4 and 0.27 Μ HCl + 0.2 Μ HNO3) were formulated to optimize the leaching efficiency of REEs under thermal and hydrothermal processing. Thermal processing showed high Y leaching, but the selectivity was low because of considerable Ti and Fe extraction. High REE leaching selectivity was achieved when HCl + HNO3 was used in hydrothermal processing at 180 °C. Material characterization indicated that dense aggregation of particles occurred after hydrothermal processing. The mineral geothite was dissolved and new crystals like potassium calcium silicate were formed. CONCLUSION The high selective leaching of Sc and Y during hydrothermal processing was controlled by the extraction and desorption of elements from the material surface. The precipitation of Fe, Ca, and Ti and their re‐crystallization in new minerals have enhanced leaching selectivity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Enhanced selective leaching of scandium from red mud

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Quaternization of algal/PEI beads (a new sorbent): Characterization and application to scandium sorption from aqueous solutions

Selective leaching of scandium and yttrium from red mud induced by hydrothermal treatment

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