Enhanced second harmonic generation from nanoscale double-hole arrays in a gold film

Lesuffleur, Antoine; Kumar, Labeesh; Gordon, Reuven

doi:10.1063/1.2218057

Cited by 102 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As mentioned above, the local enhancement of an electric field by metallic nanostructures can enhance the SHG response [13]. We should notice that the SP enhancement of SHG is very sensitive to the linear dielectric ε (1) , leading to the enhancement of the incident electric field E to fourth order, as explained in Appendix 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Recently, advances of nanofabrication techniques [7,8] have enabled control of the sizes, shapes, and alignment of nanostructures of a wide range of materials, and their SHG responses have been investigated. For example, the reports for SHG responses from the GaAs nanoneedles grown by the chemical vapor deposition method [9], the nanocups deposited Au by electron-beam evaporation on to silica nanoparticles [10], the ZnO nanorods grown on glass substrates by means of the low-temperature chemical bath method [11], the Pt nanowires created by the physical vapor deposition method [12], and the Au nanoholes fabricated by the focused ion beam method [13] attracted most researchers. These SHG processes are used in a wide range of applications, such as developing devices for optical processing [14], nonlinear imaging [4], and phase-sensitive amplification [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear optics on nano/micro-hierarchical structures on metals: focus on symmetric and plasmonic effects

Ogata

Guo

2017

Nano Reviews & Experiments

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In this review, the authors study their creation of nano/micro-hierarchical structures on Ag and Ni substrates by femtosecond laser treatment and their investigation of their optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensities by SHG spectroscopy. The authors obtained the nanostructure-covered microgroove and microcube structures. These hierarchical surface structures were found to modify significantly the optical nonlinearity of the metal surfaces. The macroscopic symmetry of the surface’s shapes influenced SHG, and the excitation of surface plasmons enhanced SHG. On the other hand, the nanostructures on the microstructures had an additional effect on the generated SHG. For the microcube structures, the additional SHG emission was suppressed by removing a large amount of nanostructures. Left SHG was discussed by the effect of the propagating delay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics on nano/micro-hierarchical structures on metals: focus on symmetric and plasmonic effects

Ogata

Guo

2017

Nano Reviews & Experiments

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“…A growing body of experimental studies of second-order nonlinearity has been reported. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] While a light beam with the frequency of ω can induce both a second harmonic polarization as a result of ω + ω = 2ω and a DC polarization as a result of ω − ω = 0, the latter effect has received far less attention. DC polarization has many applications, such as high-speed light detection and terahertz radiation generation.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Modeling Of Surface Plasmon Enhanced Photon Indmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic modeling of surface plasmon enhanced photon induced current in a gold grating

English

Cheng

Lowe

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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The current induced by incident photons on an gold grating slab is investigated numerically and experimentally. A semiclassical electrodynamic model is developed under the weak nonlinearity approximation. Electrons in the conduction band are treated as an electron gas in the presence of a self-consistent electromagnetic field. The model is solved by the finite element method and compared with measurements. The calculated current density as a function of incident angle and wavelength is found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. The results show that increasing surface plasmon spatial variation enhances photon induced current.

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“…10. Since single nanoholes themselves may exhibit localized resonances, it is possible to produce sensing using a single nanohole.…”

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confidence: 99%

Commentary: Extraordinary optical transmission for surface-plasmon-resonance-based sensing

Gordon

2008

J. Nanophoton

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In 1998, Ebbesen and co-workers demonstrated the surprising result that arrays of small holes in a metal show optical transmission resonances [1]. This result was surprising because Bethe's aperture theory predicts negligible transmission through a single small hole in a thin metal film. As a result the phenomenon was termed extraordinary optical transmission (EOT).Unfortunately, the term EOT is a bit of a misnomer. Recently it has been shown that Bethe's theory, when applied to arrays of holes, predicts 100% transmission [2]. Therefore, when compared to Bethe's theory, EOT of imperfect conductors is actually a reduction in transmission! There is also a common misconception that surface plasmons somehow enable EOT. Once again, EOT is predicted by Bethe's theory using an infinitesimally thin, perfect electric conductor [2]. As that theory does not allow for surface plasmons, surface plasmons are not required for EOT. This is an important point because we do not wish to limit the application of EOT to surface-plasmon bearing cases. EOT may be (and has been) exploited in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum without surface plasmons, for various applications. EOT may even be demonstrated and exploited using superconductor films. (Surface plasmons are relevant to EOT for metals that support them, but they are not required for EOT.)While it was recognized early on that EOT could be used to sense changes in bulk refractive index [3], we were the first to demonstrate monolayer sensitivity by using nanohole arrays for sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [4]. There are considerable benefits to using nanohole arrays for SPR-based sensing, as compared with the conventional prism coupling geometry. The nanohole array approach to SPR-based sensing benefits from: (1) a collinear optical geometry for dense integration, (2) the potential for multiplexing from several nanohole arrays, (3) lower limits of detection, and (4) a reduction in the diffusionlimited adsorption time by using the nanoholes as conduits.Up until recently, the nanohole-SPR technique has faced the challenges of reduced sensoroutput sensitivity with respect to conventional SPR methods. (This is different than the analytical sensitivity, which refers to the absolute amount of analyte detected. The analytical sensitivity is large for the nanohole arrays due to the small sensing area.) Significant improvements in the sensor-output sensitivity have been achieved using crossed polarizers [5]. Thereby, the linewidth of transmission is narrowed significantly since the transmitted signal comes only from scattering between the two orthogonal polarization states by the array of holes. The interfering processes of direct transmission and co-polarization resonant transmission are suppressed. As a result, sensitivities approaching 10 -6 refractive-index units (RIU) are possible [5].Another limiting factor is the need for a spectrometer, an angle-scanner, or a tunable laser, which limits the portability and cost-effectiveness of the nanohole-SPR device. A...

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Enhanced second harmonic generation from nanoscale double-hole arrays in a gold film

Cited by 102 publications

References 18 publications

Nonlinear optics on nano/micro-hierarchical structures on metals: focus on symmetric and plasmonic effects

Nonlinear optics on nano/micro-hierarchical structures on metals: focus on symmetric and plasmonic effects

Hydrodynamic modeling of surface plasmon enhanced photon induced current in a gold grating

Commentary: Extraordinary optical transmission for surface-plasmon-resonance-based sensing

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