Abstract:In 1998, Ebbesen and co-workers demonstrated the surprising result that arrays of small holes in a metal show optical transmission resonances [1]. This result was surprising because Bethe's aperture theory predicts negligible transmission through a single small hole in a thin metal film. As a result the phenomenon was termed extraordinary optical transmission (EOT).Unfortunately, the term EOT is a bit of a misnomer. Recently it has been shown that Bethe's theory, when applied to arrays of holes, predicts 100% … Show more
“…However, a deep state-of-art review shows that nanoantennas are being used as sensors, rather than as an improvement to a measurement system [14,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. This recent type of sensors, based on nanoantennas and EOT properties, are allowing to monitor the presence of certain molecules or cell types, for example it is quite common to being used to verify proteins.…”
Section: The Use Of Nanoantennas As Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, a sensor based on nanoantennas has been purposed to the detection of cancerous cells. There is a huge opportunity to create new sensors based on EOT, but it is needed to overcome some issues in order to design and build a sensor that is able to penetrate in the market [22,23]. As in the majority of nanotechnologies, these issues are related to fabrication costs and reproducibility [22,23,34].…”
Section: The Use Of Nanoantennas As Sensorsmentioning
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are emerging fields where some phenomena were recently discovered, allowing the design of some new devices. One of these phenomena is extraordinary optical transmission - EOT -, which was discovered in 1998 by Ebbesen. He reported that light can be amplified in certain conditions, due to a resonant behaviour, using metallic arrays. Even more, he associated this behaviour to surface plasmon polaritons and suggested that devices, as optical sensors, can be designed based on this phenomenon. To understand the surface plasmon polaritons theory, classical theories will be studied and compared with it. Also, the composite diffracted evanescent waves - CDEW -, model, which is not the most accurate model in comparison with the surface plasmon polaritons, will be presented, in order to cover an important topic on the theoretical foundations. After it, the application of nanoantennas as a sensor is going to be analysed. Finally, stationary simulations for a 16-slit gold array were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and they are going to be presented in order to observe the occurrence of EOT.
“…However, a deep state-of-art review shows that nanoantennas are being used as sensors, rather than as an improvement to a measurement system [14,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. This recent type of sensors, based on nanoantennas and EOT properties, are allowing to monitor the presence of certain molecules or cell types, for example it is quite common to being used to verify proteins.…”
Section: The Use Of Nanoantennas As Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, a sensor based on nanoantennas has been purposed to the detection of cancerous cells. There is a huge opportunity to create new sensors based on EOT, but it is needed to overcome some issues in order to design and build a sensor that is able to penetrate in the market [22,23]. As in the majority of nanotechnologies, these issues are related to fabrication costs and reproducibility [22,23,34].…”
Section: The Use Of Nanoantennas As Sensorsmentioning
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are emerging fields where some phenomena were recently discovered, allowing the design of some new devices. One of these phenomena is extraordinary optical transmission - EOT -, which was discovered in 1998 by Ebbesen. He reported that light can be amplified in certain conditions, due to a resonant behaviour, using metallic arrays. Even more, he associated this behaviour to surface plasmon polaritons and suggested that devices, as optical sensors, can be designed based on this phenomenon. To understand the surface plasmon polaritons theory, classical theories will be studied and compared with it. Also, the composite diffracted evanescent waves - CDEW -, model, which is not the most accurate model in comparison with the surface plasmon polaritons, will be presented, in order to cover an important topic on the theoretical foundations. After it, the application of nanoantennas as a sensor is going to be analysed. Finally, stationary simulations for a 16-slit gold array were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and they are going to be presented in order to observe the occurrence of EOT.
“…Theoretical proposals were published that described the use of metamaterials as conventional plasmon sensors [ 12 ] and as generalized nanoplasmonic sensors utilizing both surface and volume adsorption for chemical sensing [ 13 ]. Various experimental works with metamaterial sensors include, for example the use of nanowire-based near-zero index materials [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ], different types of planar metamaterials based on split ring resonators [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ], but also nanohole array-based chemical sensors [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”
Section: An Experimental Outlook To Metamaterials Fabrication and Smentioning
In this paper we review some metasurfaces with negative values of effective refractive index, as scaffolds for a new generation of surface plasmon polariton-based biological or chemical sensors. The electromagnetic properties of a metasurface may be tuned by its full immersion into analyte, or by the adsorption of a thin layer on it, both of which change its properties as a plasmonic guide. We consider various simple forms of plasmonic crystals suitable for this purpose. We start with the basic case of a freestanding, electromagnetically symmetrical plasmonic slab and analyze different ultrathin, multilayer structures, to finally consider some two-dimensional “wallpaper” geometries like split ring resonator arrays and fishnet structures. A part of the text is dedicated to the possibility of multifunctionalization where a metasurface structure is simultaneously utilized both for sensing and for selectivity enhancement. Finally we give an overview of surface-bound intrinsic electromagnetic noise phenomena that limits the ultimate performance of a metasurfaces sensor.
“…Transmission by an electrically small circular hole in a metal plane is very weak [1,2], but transmission by an array of electrically small holes in the same plane can be very strong, as has now been shown experimentally [3] and theoretically [4] in the optical regime. This fascinating phenomenon--sometimes called extraordinary optical transmission-is often explained in terms of the resonant excitation of surface plasmons [5,6]. Arrays of subwavelength holes have shown promising applications in nanofabrication, biochemical sensing, and integrated plasmonic devices [4][5][6][7][8].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This fascinating phenomenon--sometimes called extraordinary optical transmission-is often explained in terms of the resonant excitation of surface plasmons [5,6]. Arrays of subwavelength holes have shown promising applications in nanofabrication, biochemical sensing, and integrated plasmonic devices [4][5][6][7][8].…”
In the low-terahertz regime, the resonance frequency of an array of subwavelength holes in a semiconductor sheet can be doubled or more by isothermally increasing the magnitude of a dc magnetic field, by increasing the temperature in the presence of a constant dc magnetic field, and by increasing both the temperature and the dc magnetic field magnitude.
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