Enhanced reactivity to visual stimuli in deaf individuals

Bottari, Davide; Nava, Elena; Ley, Pia; Pavani, Francesco

doi:10.3233/rnn-2010-0502

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1b). The warning stimulus was presented for several reasons: first to give an attentional cue to the participants, second to analyze the ERPs to an event placed at fixation, and third to replicate our previous behavioural findings using the same paradigm [3]. The inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) between the warning stimulus (offset) and the target (onset) were, randomly and equiprobably, either 500 ms (short ISI) or 1800 ms (long ISI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In profound deafness, detection of changes in the environment and orienting of attention occurs primarily through vision. Deaf individuals are faster at detecting abrupt visual onsets [1], [2], [3], [4], faster and more accurate at discriminating motion direction of visual stimuli [5], and more efficient in re-orienting attentional resources in visual space [6], [7], [8]. These abilities have mainly, though not exclusively, been documented for events occurring towards the periphery of the visual field [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we analysed the relationship between response times and visual ERP components, to highlight possible correlations between behavioural changes and brain responses in the deaf. As a large body of literature suggests that the deaf display enhanced visual performance particularly when the task involves the peripheral portion of the visual field [3], [5], we asked our participants to detect targets presented at either peri-foveal or peripheral eccentricities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Early Cortical Visual Processing Predict Enhanced Reactivity in Deaf Individuals

et al. 2011

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Individuals with profound deafness rely critically on vision to interact with their environment. Improvement of visual performance as a consequence of auditory deprivation is assumed to result from cross-modal changes occurring in late stages of visual processing. Here we measured reaction times and event-related potentials (ERPs) in profoundly deaf adults and hearing controls during a speeded visual detection task, to assess to what extent the enhanced reactivity of deaf individuals could reflect plastic changes in the early cortical processing of the stimulus. We found that deaf subjects were faster than hearing controls at detecting the visual targets, regardless of their location in the visual field (peripheral or peri-foveal). This behavioural facilitation was associated with ERP changes starting from the first detectable response in the striate cortex (C1 component) at about 80 ms after stimulus onset, and in the P1 complex (100–150 ms). In addition, we found that P1 peak amplitudes predicted the response times in deaf subjects, whereas in hearing individuals visual reactivity and ERP amplitudes correlated only at later stages of processing. These findings show that long-term auditory deprivation can profoundly alter visual processing from the earliest cortical stages. Furthermore, our results provide the first evidence of a co-variation between modified brain activity (cortical plasticity) and behavioural enhancement in this sensory-deprived population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Early Cortical Visual Processing Predict Enhanced Reactivity in Deaf Individuals

et al. 2011

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“…Bottari et al (2010, 2011) have recently shown that congenitally deaf adults exhibit enhanced “visual reactivity” (superior performance on speeded visual detection tasks), which was associated with very early event-related potential (ERP) changes in striate cortex. These neurobehavioral changes might also co-occur with macroanatomical changes in striate cortex for the deaf group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers

Allen¹,

Emmorey²,

Bruss³

et al. 2013

Front. Neuroanat.

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We investigated effects of sign language use and auditory deprivation from birth on the volumes of three cortical regions of the human brain: the visual cortex surrounding the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe; the language-related cortex in the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis); and the motor hand region in the precentral gyrus. The study included 25 congenitally deaf participants and 41 hearing participants (of which 16 were native sign language users); all were right-handed. Deaf participants exhibited a larger calcarine volume than hearing participants, which we interpret as the likely result of cross-modal compensation and/or dynamic interactions within sensory neural networks. Deaf participants also had increased volumes of the pars triangularis bilaterally compared to hearing signers and non-signers, which we interpret is related to the increased linguistic demands of speech processing and/or text reading for deaf individuals. Finally, although no statistically significant differences were found in the motor hand region for any of the groups, the deaf group was leftward asymmetric, the hearing signers essentially symmetric and the hearing non-signers were rightward asymmetric – results we interpret as the possible result of activity-dependent change due to life-long signing. The brain differences we observed in visual, motor, and language-related areas in adult deaf native signers provide evidence for the plasticity available for cognitive adaptation to varied environments during development.

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“…These include reduced visual reaction times (Bottari et al 2011; Bottari et al 2010), greater visual discrimination accuracy in the periphery (Bottari et al 2010), as well as improvements in motion detection and on selective attentional measures (Bavelier et al 2006; Bottari et al 2008). Neuroimaging studies of crossmodal plasticity following cochlear implantation have utilized fNIRS (Saliba et al 2016), PET (Strelnikov et al 2015a), and EEG (Sharma et al 2015) to investigate the neural correlates of these visual perceptual enhancements.…”

Section: Cross Modal Plasticity/animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

et al. 2017

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Speech perception is inherently a multisensory process involving integration of auditory and visual cues. Multisensory integration in cochlear implant (CI) recipients is a unique circumstance in that the integration occurs following auditory deprivation and the provision of hearing via the CI. Despite the clear importance of multisensory cues for perception in general, and for speech intelligibility specifically, the topic of multisensory perceptual benefits in CI users has only recently begun to emerge as an area of inquiry. We review the research that has been conducted on multisensory integration in CI users to date, and suggest a number of areas needing further research. The overall pattern of results indicates that many CI recipients show at least some perceptual gain that can be attributable to multisensory integration. The extent of this gain, however, varies based on a number of factors, including age of implantation and specific task being assessed (e.g. stimulus detection, phoneme perception, word recognition). Whereas both children and adults with CIs obtain audiovisual benefits for phoneme, word, and sentence stimuli, neither group shows demonstrable gain for suprasegmental feature perception. Additionally, only early-implanted children and the highest performing adults obtain audiovisual integration benefits similar to individuals with normal hearing. Increasing age of implantation in children is associated with poorer gains resultant from audiovisual integration, suggesting a sensitive period in development for the brain networks that subserve these integrative functions, as well as length of auditory experience. This finding highlights the need for early detection of and intervention for hearing loss, not only in terms of auditory perception, but also in terms of the behavioral and perceptual benefits of audiovisual processing. Importantly, patterns of auditory, visual, and audiovisual responses suggest that underlying integrative processes may be fundamentally different between CI users and typical-hearing listeners. Future research, particularly in low-level processing tasks such as signal detection, will help to further assess mechanisms of multisensory integration for individuals with hearing loss, both with and without CIs.

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Enhanced reactivity to visual stimuli in deaf individuals

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Changes in Early Cortical Visual Processing Predict Enhanced Reactivity in Deaf Individuals

Changes in Early Cortical Visual Processing Predict Enhanced Reactivity in Deaf Individuals

Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

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