Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Methanol Permeability Reduction via Sodium Alginate Electrolyte-Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Bio-membrane

Shaari, Norazuwana; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom; Basri, Sahriah; Loh, Kee Shyuan; Masdar, Mohd Shahbudin; Nordin, Darman

doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2493-6

Cited by 62 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Before the test, a rectangular membrane of 1 cm × 4 m is soaked in DI water overnight so that the proton conductivity is read in the hydrated membrane state. Equation is used to calculate the value of the proton conductivity:

σ = \frac{L}{RWT}

where L is the reading of the distance between the two electrodes, W is the membrane width, T is the thickness of the membrane, and R is the resistance of the membrane …”

Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation 1 is used to calculate the value of the proton conductivity: where L is the reading of the distance between the two electrodes, W is the membrane width, T is the thickness of the membrane, and R is the resistance of the membrane. 272 The low conductivity of protons is a great challenge to today's fuel cell membranes, except the Nafion commercial membrane. One way to increase the proton conductivity is by increasing the ion exchange capacity through synthetic methods, but the downside of this method is that it lowers the mechanical strength of the membrane.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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σ = \frac{L}{RWT}

where L is the reading of the distance between the two electrodes, W is the membrane width, T is the thickness of the membrane, and R is the resistance of the membrane …”

Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…Hence, it would be deduced that the sulfonation procedure have taken place successfully in the PEEK polymer. The existence of a ─OH bond, which was associated with the sulfate group on the surface of the nanoparticle, was confirmed by the peak at 1632 cm −1 . The broad peak between 3600 and 3200 cm −1 suggests the presence of hydroxyl groups in diblock at one terminal, which is in the form of absorbed water because of interaction with sulfonic groups .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The existence of a ─OH bond, which was associated with the sulfate group on the surface of the nanoparticle, was confirmed by the peak at 1632 cm −1 . 63,64 The broad peak between 3600 and 3200 cm −1 suggests the presence of hydroxyl groups 46 in diblock at one terminal, which is in the form of absorbed water because of interaction with sulfonic groups. 65 The intensity of the absorption bands for the nanocomposite membrane in this region is significantly stronger than plain SPEEK, because of the hygroscopic nature of nanoparticles.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Optimum Nanocomposite Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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“…41 Then, 10-mL mixture of DI water and titanium oxide solution was prepared and placed into the solution of SA with various weight percentages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of sodium alginate/titanium oxide biomembrane nanocomposite in DMFC application

2019

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Summary A proton exchange membrane was synthesized consuming a sodium alginate biopolymer as the matrix and titanium oxide as the nanofiller. The titanium oxide content varied from 5 to 25 wt%. The biomembrane nanocomposite performs better than the pristine sodium alginate membrane based on liquid uptake, methanol permeability, proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and oxidative stability outcomes. The unique properties of sodium alginate and titanium oxide lead to outstanding interconnections, thus producing new materials with great characteristics and enhanced performance. The highest proton conductivity achieved in this study is 17.3 × 10‐3 S cm‐1, which performed by SAT5 (25 wt%) membranes at 70°C. An optimal content of titanium oxide enhances the conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of pure sodium alginate is greatly reduced and achieves a good liquid uptake capacity and swelling ratio. The characteristics of the SA/TiO2 biomembrane nanocomposite were determined with field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical strength analysis.

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Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Methanol Permeability Reduction via Sodium Alginate Electrolyte-Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Bio-membrane

Cited by 62 publications

References 63 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Potential of sodium alginate/titanium oxide biomembrane nanocomposite in DMFC application

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