Enhanced Production of Surfactin from
            <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
            by Continuous Product Removal and Metal Cation Additions

Cooper, David G.; Macdonald, C.R.; Duff, Shamus; Kosaric, N.

doi:10.1128/aem.42.3.408-412.1981

Cited by 517 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is proposed that pure oxygen be used to achieve efficient oxygen supply while operating at a moderate gas flow rate or agitation speed. Moreover, since the surfactant tends to move from the aqueous phase toward the foam (emulsion) fraction (25), it may be helpful to design an efficient foam collector for simultaneous removal and collection of the foams from the fermentor (25,28). In this way, surfactant production may be enhanced due to continuous withdrawal of the product from the culture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillussubtilis by Addition of Solid Carriers

Yeh

Wei

Chang

2008

Biotechnol Progress

152

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Addition of a small quantity of solid porous carriers (e.g., activated carbon or expanded clay) into fermentation broth significantly increased surfactin production with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. Culture medium containing 25 g L(-1) of activated carbon gave an optimal surfactin yield of 3600 mg L(-1), which was approximately 36-fold higher than that obtained from carrier-free liquid culture. The marked increase in surfactin production was primarily attributed to stimulation of cell growth due to the presence of activated carbon carriers. Concentration of limiting carbon substrate (glucose) is also an important factor affecting the production of surfactin, as an initial glucose concentration of 40 g L(-1) resulted in optimal surfactin production. An appropriate agitation rate also benefited surfactin production, as the best yield appeared at an agitation rate of 200 rpm. Surfactin was purified from fermentation broth via a series of acidic precipitation and solvent extraction. The resulting product was nearly 90% pure with a recovery efficiency of ca. 72%. The purified surfactin reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 27 mN m(-1) with a critical micelle concentration of ca. 10 mg L(-1). The surfactin product also attained an emulsion index of 70% for kerosene and diesel at a low concentration of 100 and 600 mg L(-1), respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillussubtilis by Addition of Solid Carriers

Yeh

Wei

Chang

2008

Biotechnol Progress

152

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“…Haferberg et al (21) and Guerra Santos et al (22) reported that microorganisms grown on expensive water-immiscible hydrocarbons synthesize the majority of known biosurfactants synthesized, thus increasing the overall process cost. However, other cheaper water-soluble substrates such as glucose, glycerol, and ethanol have been used to produce biosurfactants (23)(24)(25). In this work, biosurfactant production by B. subtilis MTCC 2423 at thermophilic growth conditions was studied and characterized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The B. subtilis MTCC 2423 surfactant can thus be included in a small group of biosurfactants that demonstrate very good surface activity. This group includes lichenysin at 28 dyne/cm (10,11) and surfactin, which has an ST of 27 dyne/cm (7,23). The biosurfactant is extremely efficient, having a CMC of 35 mg/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis at 45°C

Makkar¹,

Cameotra²

1999

J Surfact & Detergents

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Structural and biochemical characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis under thermophilic conditions was performed. Preliminary structural determination of CHCl 3 /CH 3 OH (65:15) extracts by thin-layer chromatographic reagents showed it to be identical to surfactin. Also, the infrared, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy analysis confirmed it to be identical to surfactin. Biochemically, the surfactant was a lipopeptide-containing lipid (17.05%) and protein (13.2%). The surfactant yielded a minimal aqueous surface-tension value of 28 dyne/cm and an interfacial tension value at 0.1% concentration of 0.2 dyne/cm against diesel oil. The critical micelle concentration of the surfactant was 35 mg/L. The biosurfactant exhibited an emulsification value (E 24 ) of 90 against diesel oil and a sand-pack oil recovery of 62%. It has potential application in microbial-enhanced oil recovery in thermophilic, alkaline, acidic, and halophilic environments. The culture was maintained on nutrient agar plates. Media and cultivation conditions. For biosurfactant synthesis, a mineral salt medium with the following composition was utilized: KNO 3 (0.3%), Na 2 HPO 4 (0.22%), KH 2 PO 4 (0.014%), NaCl (0.001%), MgSO 4 (0.06%), CaCl 2 (0.004%), FeSO 4 (0.002%), and 0.1 mL of trace element solution contain-FIG. 2. 1 H nuclear magnetic reasonance (NMR) spectrum of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 at 45°C. TMS, tetramethylsilane; NHs, imide hydrogens of peptide bond; CαH 2 , alpha hydrogens; Hα s , alpha hydrogens. FIG. 3. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrum of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 at 45°C.

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“…Bacillus subtilis was cultivated in a modified mineral salt medium based on culture medium of Cooper, Macdonald, Duff, and Kosaric (1981) Modified CGXII minimal medium (Eikmanns, Metzger, Reinscheid, Kircher, & Sahm, 1991;Keilhauer, Eggeling, & Sahm, 1993;Lange et al, 2017) was used for cultivation of C. glutamicum containing the following components: 5 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 5 g/L urea, 21 g/L 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulphonic acid, 1 g/L K 2 HPO 4 , 1 g/L KH 2 PO 4 , 0.25 g/L MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O, 10 mg/L CaCl 2 · 2H 2 O, 10 mg/L MnSO 4 · H 2 O, 16.4 g/L FeSO 4 · 7H 2 O, 1 mg/L ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O, 0.2 mg/L CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O, 0.02 mg/L NiCl 2 · 6H 2 O, 0.2 mg/L biotin. The pH value was adjusted to 7.2.…”

Section: Culture Media and Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of small organic acids present in fast pyrolysis bio‐oil from lignocellulose as feedstocks for bacterial bioconversion

et al. 2019

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Small organic acids derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass represent a significant proportion of microbially accessible carbon in bio‐oil. However, using bio‐oil for microbial cultivation is a highly challenging task due to its strong adverse effects on microbial growth as well as its complex composition. In this study, the main small organic acids present in bio‐oil as acetate, formate and propionate were evaluated with respect to their suitability as feedstocks for bacterial growth. For this purpose, the growth behavior of four biotechnological production hosts—Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum—was quantified and compared. The bacteria were cultivated on single acids and mixtures of acids in different concentrations and evaluated using common biotechnological efficiency parameters. In addition, cultivation experiments on pretreated fast pyrolysis‐derived bio‐oil fractions were performed with respect to the suitability of the bacterial strains to tolerate inhibitory substances. Results suggest that both P. putida and C. glutamicum metabolize acetate—the major small organic acid generated during fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass—as sole carbon source over a wide concentration range, are able to grow on mixtures of small organic acids present in bio‐oil and can, to a limited extent, tolerate the highly toxic inhibitory substances within bio‐oil. This work provides an important step in search of suitable bacterial strains for bioconversion of lignocellulosic‐based feedstocks and thus contributes to establishing efficient bioprocesses within a future bioeconomy.

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Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis by Continuous Product Removal and Metal Cation Additions

Cited by 517 publications

References 15 publications

Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillussubtilis by Addition of Solid Carriers

Enhanced Production of Surfactin from Bacillussubtilis by Addition of Solid Carriers

Structural characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis at 45°C

Evaluation of small organic acids present in fast pyrolysis bio‐oil from lignocellulose as feedstocks for bacterial bioconversion

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