Enhanced production of an anti-malarial compound artesunate by hairy root cultures and phytochemical analysis of Artemisia pallens Wall.

Abstract

Artemisinin and its derivatives are still one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of malaria. Artemisia pallens commonly known as Dhavanam, is an aromatic herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. Increasing the artemisinin content of A. pallens by genetic engineering would improve the availability of this much needed drug. In the present study, Agrobacterium rhizogenes (strain NCIM 5140) mediated genetic transformation of Artemisia pallens were carried out for hairy root induction. The effect of different media (Half MS, MS, MS along with BAP 0.5 mg/l and MS along with Kinetin 0.5 mg/l) and type of explants (leaf and stem) on hairy root induction and culture were also studied. Maximum transformation efficiency (70.0 %) was observed in case of stem explants when it was co-cultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and kept on half strength MS media. Artesunate is a derivative of artemisinin, was quantified using HPLC from dried aerial extract and hairy roots. The content of artesunate in hairy roots was increased up to twofold as compared to aerial part of Artemisia pallens. The maximum amount of artesunate found in hairy roots was 5.62 ± 0.16 μg/g of dry weight. Apart from artesunate the other phytochemicals like alkaloids, polyphenols, and flavonoids are important because they impart the medicinal properties in this plant. Therefore, we have also quantified total alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenolic content in the aerial part of the plants. The total alkaloids and flavonoids content were found 1.72 ± 0.00 mg/g dry weight in aqueous extract and 3.8 ± 0.00 mg/g in methanolic extract in terms of colchicine and rutin equivalents, respectively. Similarly, total phenolic content is 3.70 ± 0.01 mg/g in ethanolic extract in terms of tannic acid equivalent.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The chemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds fromArtemisiaspecies: A review

“… Note . References are numbered as follows: 1 (Megdiche‐Ksouri et al, ), 2 (Ascensäo & Pais, ), 3 (Naili, Alghazeer, Saleh, & Al‐Najjar, ), 4 (Al‐Snafi, ), 5 (Lellau & Liebezeit, ), 6 (Charkhpour, Delazar, Mohammadi, Gholikhani, & Parvizpur, ), 7 (Willaman & Schubert, ), 8 (Kinney & Sugihara, ), 9 (Rätsch, ), 10 (Ahameethunisa & Hopper, ), 11 (Pradeep & Rengaswamy, ), 12 (Arokiyaraj et al, ), 13 (Judžentienė & Buzelytė, ), 14 (Haniya & Padma, ), 15 (Pires, Fulvio, Negri, Duarte‐Almeida, & Elisaldo, ), 16 (Ikram et al, ), 17 (Bhakuni, Jain, Sharma, & Kumar, ), 18 (Suresh, Ahuja, Paramakrishnan, & Sebastian, ), 19 (Feyera, Terefe, & Shibeshi, ), 20 (Lone, Bhat, & Khuroo, ), 21 (Sivagnanam, Rao, Mudiganti, & Jeelani, ), 22 (Wright, ), 23 (Suresh et al, ), 24 (Heo et al, ), 25 (Ruwali, Ambwani, Gautam, & Thapliyal, ), 26 (Corsi & Nencioni, ), 27 (Pala, Shukla, Alok, Kudale, & Desai, ), 28 (Kim, Adesogan, & Ko, ), 29 (Ali, Shah, & Shah, ), 30 (Choi, Kang, & Kim, ), 31 (Kim et al, ), 32 (Kristiani et al, ), 33 (Salhi et al, ), 34 (Aynehchi, Salehi Sormaghi, Amin, Khoshkhow, & Shabani, ), 35 (Fazly Bazzaz, Haririzadeh, Imami, & Rashed, ), 36 (Kapustina et al, ), 37 (Darwish‐Sayed, El‐Shamy, Hassan, & El‐Shahrawy, ), 38 (Pirbalouti, Firoz nezhad, Craker, & Akbarzadeh, ), 39 (Ene, Atawodi, Ameh, Kwanashie, & Agomo, ), 40 (Yan et al, ), 41 (Khatoon, ), 42 (Aynehchi et al, ), 43 (Noori, Amjad, & Yazdani, ), 44 (Elsharkawy & Shiboob, ), and 45 (Goodson, ).…”

Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Ficus carica L. for the efficient production of secondary metabolites

“…This superiority of shoot explants can be attributed to the presence of more meristematic areas on shoot explants than leaf explants. The enhanced transformation rate from shoots was also observed in Salvia viridis L., Tylophora indica L., Trigonella foenum‐graecum L., and Artemisia pallens Wall . In the beginning, leaf explant‐derived HRs were thin and long in comparison with the thick and highly branched HR of shoot explants; however, both reached the same condition several weeks after the growth.…”

“…The enhanced transformation rate from shoots was also observed in Salvia viridis L., 44 Tylophora indica L., 45 Trigonella foenum-graecum L., 46 and Artemisia pallens Wall. 47 In the beginning, leaf explant-derived HRs were thin and long in comparison with the thick and highly branched HR of shoot explants; however, both reached the same condition several weeks after the growth. Generally, HR lines were similar in morphological properties; they had a white color, high plagiotropic growth rates on hormone-free media, and extensive lateral branches with thin tips, but their growth rate differed from each other.…”

Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation and Cloning of Reference Genes in Suspension Cells of Artemisia Pallens

“…Artemisia pallens Walls ex. DC is an important medicinal and aromatic shrub which belongs to the family Asteraceae and found mostly in south India (Pala et al 2016). Several medicinally important Artemisia species are distributed throughout various parts of Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa (Nigam et al 2019;Jogam et al 2020).…”

“…This plant has gained considerable importance in food and pharmaceutical industries (Rekha and Langer 2007) due to the presence of several secondary metabolites, including a vital sesquiterpene lactone (artemisinin) (Mallavarapu et al 1999;Shukla et al 2015;Pala et al 2016;Shreyas et al 2018;Hiremath et al 2020). Artemisinin and its derivatives are used to treat various diseases such as malaria, cancer, hepatitis, and schistosomiasis (Salehi et al 2018;.…”