Enhanced Piezoelectric Output Performance of the SnS₂/SnS Heterostructure Thin-Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Realized by Atomic Layer Deposition

Abstract

Recently, the inherent piezoelectric properties of the 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) tin monosulfide (SnS) and tin disulfide (SnS2) have attracted much attention. Thus the piezoelectricity of these materials has been theoretically and experimentally investigated for energy-harvesting devices. However, the piezoelectric output performance of the SnS2- or SnS-based 2D thin film piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is still relatively low, and the fabrication process is not suitable for practical applications. Here we report the formation of the SnS2/SnS heterostructure thin film for the enhanced output performance of a PENG using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The piezoelectric response of the heterostructure thin film was increased by ∼40% compared with that of the SnS2 thin film, attributed to large band offset induced by the heterojunction formation. Consequently, the output voltage and current density of the heterostructure PENG were 60 mV and 11.4 nA/cm2 at 0.6% tensile strain, respectively. In addition, thickness-controllable large-area uniform thin-film deposition via ALD ensures that the reproducible output performance is achieved and that the output density can be lithographically adjusted depending on the applications. Therefore, the SnS2/SnS heterostructure PENG fabricated in this work can be employed to develop a flexible energy-harvesting device or an attachable self-powered sensor for monitoring pulse and human body movement.

Nanoampere‐Level Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Performance of Lithography‐Free Centimeter‐Scale MoS2 Monolayer Film Generators

“…Further, Table S1 (Supporting Information), lists the reported piezoelectric energy harvesting performance for various 2D nanosheets of up to 200 nm in layer thickness for comparison with our monolayer case. [56][57][58][59][60][61] Our performance is still superior to the reported outcomes for the 2D nanosheets, which are in the wide ranges of 7.8 to 363.3 mV for the voltage and 3 to 500 pA for the current. In particular, our interdigitated approach may contribute largely to enhance the output current in the large-scale nanosheets.…”

Enhanced Output Performance of a Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Realized by Lithium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanowires Decorated on MXene

“…Based on this measurement data, the effective piezoelectric coefficient d 33 eff was calculated. The detailed d 33 eff extraction procedure could be found in the previous works. , The d 33 eff were ∼16.5 and ∼22.1 pm/V for the Li: ZnO NW composite and the Li: ZnO NW/Ti 3 C 2 composite, respectively. The d 33 eff of the composites increased with the addition of Ti 3 C 2 as expected, with approximately 34% higher effective piezoelectric constant obtained in the Li: ZnO NW/Ti 3 C 2 composite compared to the Li: ZnO NW composite (Figure b), indicating that Li: ZnO NWs decorated on Ti 3 C 2 were more effectively polarized.…”

“…We note that all samples are measured in the same bending condition (0.33% strain), which has been calculated in the previous works. 30,31 First, the peak open-circuit voltages of the PENGs fabricated with ZnO NWs, ZnO NW/Ti 3 C 2 composite, and polarized ZnO NW/Ti 3 C 2 composite are measured to be 0.5, 0.9, and 1 V, respectively (Figure 3a). Using the ZnO NWs filler grown on Ti 3 C 2 , approximately twofold higher output open-circuit voltage is obtained, which is attributed to the increased permittivity due to the inclusion of metallic Ti 3 C 2 .…”

Coaxial SnS2/SnS Nanostructures on the Ag Fiber Substrate for Flexible Self-Powered Photodetectors

“…SnS 2 /SnS was grown directly on the Ag fiber substrate using a two-step hydrothermal process to fabricate the photodetector device. One of the Cr/Ti electrodes was taken from the SnS 2 coating and another from the Ag fiber substrate; then, the photodetector device was placed over the thin PDMS layer to improve the mechanical stability and robustness of the device . The PDMS layer also assists in the device’s efficient passivation and optical transparency.…”