Enhanced photovoltaic performance of inverted polymer solar cells by incorporating graphene nanosheet/AgNPs nanohybrids

Abstract

A linear-dendritic block copolymer functionalized exfoliated graphene nanosheets/silver nanoparticles was prepared for using as the interfacial layer between the electron-selective layer and photoactive layer in an inverted polymer solar cell.

Design and synthesis of N-substituted perylene diimide based low band gap polymers for organic solar cell applications

“…Some of phase-separation are important and necessary for systematic formation of free carriers to generate optimal photovoltaic properties of PSCs. 70 The phase images of P1:P3HT, P2:P3HT and P3:P3HT blend lms in the ratio of 1 : 1 are quite different (rms roughness 1.79, 1.67 and 0.65 nm, respectively) and revealed that the P3HT domains in the P3:P3HT blend lm were smaller than those in the P1:P3HT and P2:P3HT blend lms, indicating better compatibility between the P3HT and polymer in case of P3. This can be attributed to the high solubility and feasible solution processability of thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene 71 containing polymer P3 which may allow easier incorporation of P3HT into polymer matrix.…”

A star-shaped conjugated molecule featuring a triazole core and diketopyrrolopyrrole branches is an efficient electron-selective interlayer for inverted polymer solar cells

“…The surface energies of ZnO and P3HT were 74.5 and 20.0 mN m −1 , respectively, in good agreement with those reported previously. 19,56 The TDGTPA- and TDGTPA/P3HT:PC 71 BM-coated ZnO films had surface energies of 40.7 and 24.9 mN m −1 , respectively. Thus, the surface energy of ZnO decreased significantly after its surface had been modified with a TDGTPA film.…”

“…The surface energy of ZnO significantly influences the compatibility between the ZnO layer and a conjugated polymer-based photoactive layer. 19,49,56 Moreover, the PV performance of inverted PSCs is closely related to the surface energy of the ZnO layer. Furthermore, the PV performance is also influenced by the surface energy of the surface-modified ZnO layer.…”

“…The best PV performance of a P3HT:PC 71 BM-based inverted PSC was obtained when the surface-modified ZnO layer had an intermediate surface energy of 51 mN m −1 . 19,56 Thus, we calculated the surface free energies of the ZnO, TDGTPA, and P3HT:PC 71 BM layers by measuring their contact angles (CAs) to water and glycerol, based on the Wu model (harmonic mean). 56 The measured CAs ( θ ) were used in the following equations to calculate the polar ( γ p ) and dispersive ( γ d ) components of the total energy γ tot ; here, the subscript “w” refers to deionized water and “Gly” to glycerol: γ w (1 + cos θ w ) = [4 γ d w γ d /( γ d w + γ d )] + [4 γ p w γ p /( γ p w + γ p )] and γ Gly (1 + cos θ Gly ) = [4 γ d Gly γ d /( γ d Gly + γ d )] + [4 γ p Gly γ p /( γ p Gly + γ p )].…”

The Development of Smart, Multi-Responsive Core@Shell Composite Nanoparticles

“…Recent research efforts have explored NPs having complex compositions with controllable sizes and morphologies. Special attention has been given to metal NPs for use as optical materials (i.e., using palladium [1,2], silver [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], copper [13][14][15][16][17][18], and particularly gold [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]). This is due to the ease of fabrication of these metal nanoparticles and their unique physical properties [32][33][34], such as the ability to absorb or scatter light [25,35,36].…”