“…Similarly, ultrasound can induce heating/PS, thus enhancing their performance (Deng et al, 2015). Furthermore, Hu et al (2020) inferred that microwave and Fe 3 O 4 had a synergetic effect on PS activation (Hu et al, 2020).…”
High levels of toxic organic pollutants commonly detected during domestic/industrial wastewater treatment have been attracting research attention globally because they seriously threaten human health. Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have been successfully used in wastewater treatment, such as that containing antibiotics, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants, for refractory contaminant degradation. This review summarizes activation methods, including physical, chemical, and other coupling approaches, for efficient generation of sulfate radicals and evaluates their applications and economic feasibility. The degradation behavior as well as the efficiency of the generated sulfate radicals of typical domestic and industrial wastewater treatment is investigated. The categories and characteristics of the intermediates are also evaluated. The role of sulfate radicals, their kinetic characteristics, and possible mechanisms for organic elimination are assessed. In the last section, current difficulties and future perspectives of SR-AOPs for wastewater treatment are summarized.
“…Similarly, ultrasound can induce heating/PS, thus enhancing their performance (Deng et al, 2015). Furthermore, Hu et al (2020) inferred that microwave and Fe 3 O 4 had a synergetic effect on PS activation (Hu et al, 2020).…”
High levels of toxic organic pollutants commonly detected during domestic/industrial wastewater treatment have been attracting research attention globally because they seriously threaten human health. Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have been successfully used in wastewater treatment, such as that containing antibiotics, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants, for refractory contaminant degradation. This review summarizes activation methods, including physical, chemical, and other coupling approaches, for efficient generation of sulfate radicals and evaluates their applications and economic feasibility. The degradation behavior as well as the efficiency of the generated sulfate radicals of typical domestic and industrial wastewater treatment is investigated. The categories and characteristics of the intermediates are also evaluated. The role of sulfate radicals, their kinetic characteristics, and possible mechanisms for organic elimination are assessed. In the last section, current difficulties and future perspectives of SR-AOPs for wastewater treatment are summarized.
“…As shown in Figure , it was further verified by EPR spectroscopy that the characteristics of SO 4 •– using the reagent of DMPO produced strong lines with an intensity ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1. Because of its higher redox potential, SO 4 •– possessed a better degradation ability and continuously eliminated VOCs . It was shown that the MW-PS system can efficiently eliminate VOCs from wood.…”
Section: Results
and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…•− possessed a better degradation ability and continuously eliminated VOCs. 38 It was shown that the MW-PS system can efficiently eliminate VOCs from wood. (2)…”
Since traditional methods for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood consume large amounts of energy and generate environmental pollution, it is desired to develop a convenient and green treatment method. Oxidation by microwave-activated persulfate (MW-PS) is a promising alternative method that has been used to eliminate VOCs from wood. The penetration of microwave energy can destroy the wood pit membranes and increase VOC emissions. The VOCs are further degraded by •OH and SO 4•− , which are generated via the activation of microwaves. This phenomenon can be detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. The 35 types of main VOCs of natural wood were determined, including alkanes/ terpenes, alcohols/ethers, esters, aldehydes/ketones, and others. In the MW-PS system, 23 compounds were removed with an efficiency of 100%. Specifically, as one of the major compounds, the content of alkanes/terpenes was sharply decreased, and no alcohols/ethers and esters were detected. It was found that the optimal conditions of the MW-PS system for the minimum release of VOCs from wood were the microwave power of 462 W, irradiation time of 30 min, and PS dosage of 0.5 mmol/L.
“…For instance, 98.8% of Acid Red 88 was removed by a porous biochar-supported Fe-Mn composite [8]. Combination of microwave, natural magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and persulfate has also achieved 94.2% removal of p-nitrophenol within 28 min [9]. Ultrasonic irradiation (US) combined with persulfate is efficient in removing organic pollutants via acoustic cavitation and sono-activated persulfate oxidation.…”
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