Enhanced performance and stability of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell by incorporating zirconium hydrogen phosphate in catalyst layer

Barron, Olivia; Su, Huaneng; Linkov, Vladimir; Pollet, Bruno G.; Pasupathi, Sivakumar

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.139

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Proton-conducting fillers: proton-conducting ionomers/ metal fillers have been introduced into the catalyst layer to stabilize the electrolyte in solid form and create a better electrode/gas/solid electrolyte triple-phase boundary [88,[296][297][298][299][300]. A PBI dispersion was added to the catalyst ink to create a solid, acid-saturated and proton-conducting ionomer with easy binding and proton transfer between the acid-doped PBI membrane and the catalyst layer (Fig.…”

Section: Pa Diffusion In the Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton-conducting fillers using CsHSO 4 , metal pyrophosphates such as zirconium hydrogen phosphate Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 , Al 2 O 3 to form aluminum triphosphate and lanthanum phosphate have been incorporated into the catalyst layer (Fig. 20d) [296][297][298][299][300]. ZrO x and Ni(0) introduced into the PGM electrode interact with PA to create more active sites [305].…”

Section: Pa Diffusion In the Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While designing HT-PEMFCs with optimal acid distribution is a challenge, this is worsened by the difficulty in monitoring acid diffusion in real devices. The performance after a long-term stability test (polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) is typically used to evaluate the long-term stability of the new catalyst layer configuration toward enhancing acid diffusion and hindering acid leaching [296][297][298][299][300]. However, performance losses could be caused by catalyst degradation at elevated temperatures [323].…”

Section: Operando Monitoring Of the Acid Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Meyer

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are becoming a major part of a greener and more sustainable future. However, the costs of high-purity hydrogen and noble metal catalysts alongside the complexity of the PEMFC system severely hamper their commercialization. Operating PEMFCs at high temperatures (HT-PEMFCs, above 120 °C) brings several advantages, such as increased tolerance to contaminants, more affordable catalysts, and operations without liquid water, hence considerably simplifying the system. While recent progresses in proton exchange membranes for HT-PEMFCs have made this technology more viable, the HT-PEMFC viscous acid electrolyte lowers the active site utilization by unevenly diffusing into the catalyst layer while it acutely poisons the catalytic sites. In recent years, the synthesis of platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM-free catalysts with higher acid tolerance and phosphate-promoted oxygen reduction reaction, in conjunction with the design of catalyst layers with improved acid distribution and more triple-phase boundaries, has provided great opportunities for more efficient HT-PEMFCs. The progress in these two interconnected fields is reviewed here, with recommendations for the most promising routes worthy of further investigation. Using these approaches, the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs will be significantly improved.

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Section: Pa Diffusion In the Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pa Diffusion In the Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operando Monitoring Of the Acid Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Meyer

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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“…[ 18 ] Moreover, ZrP incorporated into the catalyst layer of Pt/C in membrane‐electrode‐assembly (MEA) has shown much better activity and stability in HT‐PEMFCs. [ 19 ] Importantly, when combined with ionic liquid, ZrP is known to enhance proton conductivity making it worth exploring for PEMFCs. [ 20 ] In addition, the phosphate group was found to strongly interact with the Pt, thereby enhancing the stability of the dispersed state of Pt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt‐Anchored‐Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplates as High‐Durable Carbon‐Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for PEM Fuel Cell Applications

Kumar

Yoyakki

Pandikassala

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Commercially available platinum‐supported carbon (Pt/C) catalysts are the most widely used oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, inadequate active triple‐phase boundary formation and carbon oxidation in Pt/C during PEMFC operation shorten its lifetime and efficiency. In this direction, a new class of carbon‐free electrocatalysts for ORR is prepared by dispersing Pt nanoparticles on ZrP (Zirconium phosphates) nanoplates. In one case (ZrP@Pt), the Pt nanoparticles are found to be closely distributed and completely covering the ZrP nanoplates, whereas in the second case (Pt/ZrP), the Pt nanoparticles selectively restrict dispersion along the edges of the support. ZrP as the support displays an intrinsic proton conductivity of ≈0.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C, with an activation energy (Ea) of 0.19 eV. Pt/ZrP shows better durability after 3000 start‐stop cycles. The mass activity of Pt/ZrP is increased by 4.6 times compared to Pt/C, which exhibits a loss in mass activity by 1.37 times. The single‐cell level validation of ZrP@Pt, Pt/ZrP, and Pt/C as the electrocatalysts in PEMFC at an operating potential of 0.60 V shows the achievable current densities of 0.600, 0.890, and 0.890 A cm−2.

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“…With the increase of environmental pollution and the shortage of resources, 1 fuel cells have attracted widespread attention due to their environmental friendliness and easy availability of raw materials. [2][3][4][5][6] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a kind of fuel cell with high energy conversion rate [7][8][9] (because its power generation process does not involve oxy-hydrogen combustion and is therefore not limited by Carnot cycle), which has no pollution released during power generation, 10 modular power generation unit, 11 high reliability convenient maintenance 12 and low noise during work, making it a research hotspot. [13][14][15] Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of PEMFC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Covalently Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole High Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes Doped with High Sulfonated Polyphosphazene

Chuan-gang

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An insoluble sulfonated polyphosphazene (SPOP) with high degree of sulfonation is synthesized and used as the proton conductor in polybenzimidazole (PBI) high-temperature proton exchange membrane. Polyfunctional triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) is used as covalent cross-linking agent to obtain a high proton conductivity at low cross-linking degrees. The composite membrane is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SPOP has good compatibility with mPBI-TGIC, leading to uniform dispersion in the obtained membranes with neither phase separation nor agglomeration. As a highly efficient cross-linking agent, TGIC not only makes the composite membrane have good mechanical properties, thermal stability, anti-swelling and anti-oxidation properties at low crosslinking degrees, but also leads to high doping amount of SPOP, thus making the composite the membrane have a high proton conductivity. The conductivity of mPBI-TGIC(5%)/SPOP(50%) at 100% RH, 50% RH and 0 RH is 0.143, 0.076 and 0.044 S cm −1 at 180 °C, respectively. In addition, the composite membranes has good methanol resistance and selectivity, so the composite membrane can be applied in the direct methanol fuel cell.

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Enhanced performance and stability of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell by incorporating zirconium hydrogen phosphate in catalyst layer

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Pt‐Anchored‐Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplates as High‐Durable Carbon‐Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for PEM Fuel Cell Applications

Preparation and Properties of Covalently Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole High Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes Doped with High Sulfonated Polyphosphazene

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