Enhanced paromomycin efficacy by solid lipid nanoparticle formulation against Leishmania in mice model

Abstract

Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Intracellular infections treatment such as leishmaniasis is frequently hampered by limited access of drugs to infected cells. Moreover, most of the current drugs are confined to some toxic compounds, and there are increasing incidences of development of drug resistance. Hence, production of a new antileishmanial compound is crucial. Paromomycin sulphate (PM) is a promising antileishmanial drug. One strategy to improve drug effectiveness is to use appropriate delivery systems. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) is as an excellent substitute delivery system to other colloidal carrier. In the present study, PM was loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (PM-SLN) and the in vivo efficacy was studied against Leishmania (L.) major-infected BALB/c mice. For this reason, the footpad swelling was measured and real-time PCR was performed to quantify the parasite load after infectious challenge. The level of cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide was evaluated. Altogether, this study showed that the PM-SLN formulation is a safe compound and SLN in PM-SLN compound is effective for treatment of leishmaniasis by improving the effectiveness of PM in killing the parasite and switching towards Th1 response.

The Combined Effects of Nano-Zinc, Nano-Albumin and Honey in Healing Wounds Caused by Third-Degree Burn in Male Mice

“…However, nanoparticles may be harmful to health for 2 major reasons; first, they diffuse quickly from biological membranes, and second, their toxicity is still not fully understood because of novelty. On the other hand, toxicity of nanoparticles depends on their concentration, shape, and diameter (21)(22)(23)(24). Accordingly, more research should be conducted on nanoparticles and their effects on organs and blood factors.…”

Herbal Drugs with Promising Anti-Leishmanial Activity: New Hope for Leishmaniasis Treatment

“…About 90% of the CL occur in 8 countries, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Algeria, Syria, Brazil, and Peru (2,5,6). From 1959, pentavalent antimony is utilized for leishmaniasis yet it has some disadvantages like toxicity, side effects, and prolonged injections (3). Accordingly, the efficacy of pentavalents has been reduced and development of resistant parasites restrict their usage (7,8).…”

The burden of leishmaniasis in Iran, acquired from the global burden of disease during 1990–2010

“…[1,2]. Based on World Health Organization reports and others, leishmaniasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease [3][4][5]; among all tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is ranked the second in mortality and the fourth in morbidity [6][7][8][9]. Leishmaniasis is estimated to cause the ninth largest disease burden among individual infectious diseases; however, as a tropical disease, it has been largely overlooked in the discussion of priorities [1].…”

“…Between 1990 to 2010, life expectancy has increased from 64.6 to 71.6 years for males, and from 71.0 to 77.8 years for females, respectively [8,19]. Leishmaniasis remains a major health problem in different parts of Iran, with the increased concerns in recent years [20].…”