Enhanced Metal Coating Adhesion by Surface Modification of 3D Printed PEKKs

Baek, Inwoo; Lim, Chul-Min; Park, Kyoung Youl; Ryu, Bong Ki

doi:10.3390/coatings12060854

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The deposition of metallic layers onto 3D-printed thermoplastic parts has been studied very recently, confirming the increasing interest in its future industrial exploitation [26,31,34,35]. Similarly, using PVD sputtering processes for polymer-based composites may generate potential benefits, especially for recycled substrates.…”

Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In detail, the coating has slightly flacked along the edges of the cross-cut squares, and detachment affected an area between 5 and 15% of the tested surface. This result is significantly affected by the staircase effect that generally shows worse values compared to smooth surfaces, decreasing the adhesion properties [34,43].…”

Section: Adhesion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, physical vapor deposition (PVD) sputtering stands out for its coating homogeneity, low processing temperatures, and the use of less dangerous chemicals during the metal deposition [23][24][25][26]. From the literature, different studies explored the deposition of metallic coatings onto 3D-printed thermoplastic substrates processed by FFF [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], whereas a limited number of works focused on the metallization of polymerbased composites [35], or parts obtained by DIW [36]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no articles related to the metallization of 3D-printed recycled composites were found by using neither FFF nor DIW processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallization of Recycled Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Processed by UV-Assisted 3D Printing

Romani

Tralli²,

Levi

et al. 2022

Materials

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An ever-growing amount of composite waste will be generated in the upcoming years. New circular strategies based on 3D printing technologies are emerging as potential solutions although 3D-printed products made of recycled composites may require post-processing. Metallization represents a viable way to foster their exploitation for new applications. This paper shows the use of physical vapor deposition sputtering for the metallization of recycled glass fiber-reinforced polymers processed by UV-assisted 3D printing. Different batches of 3D-printed samples were produced, post-processed, and coated with a chromium metallization layer to compare the results before and after the metallization process and to evaluate the quality of the finishing from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. The analysis was conducted by measuring the surface gloss and roughness, analyzing the coating morphology and thickness through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the cross-sections, and assessing its adhesion with cross-cut tests. The metallization was successfully performed on the different 3D-printed samples, achieving a good homogeneity of the coating surface. Despite the influence of the staircase effect, these results may foster the investigation of new fields of application, as well as the use of different polymer-based composites from end-of-life products, i.e., carbon fiber-reinforced polymers.

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Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Adhesion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metallization of Recycled Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Processed by UV-Assisted 3D Printing

Romani

Tralli²,

Levi

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…Their composition and structure differ from one to another despite belonging to the same family. For example, PEI is an amorphous thermoplastic, 8,10 whereas PEEK and PEKK are semicrystalline thermoplastics 9,[11][12][13] from the poly(aryl ether ketones) (PAEKs) family. Excellent properties like corrosion, water absorption, and chemical resistance characterize these thermoplastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can also withstand harsh environments, making them suitable for biomedical, aircraft, and aerospace applications. 3,[12][13][14][15][16][17] While PEEK and PEKK have some similar properties, PEKK benefits from being easier to print. 18 For both materials, some limited studies were carried out at temperatures above their T g, 14 probably as both materials show a noticeable decrease in mechanical properties when operating above T g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of printing parameters on tensile, thermal and structural properties of 3D‐printed poly (ether ketone ketone) PEKK material using fused deposition modeling

Magri

Vaudreuil

Ayad

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) is a thermoplastic of the poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) family, with excellent mechanical and thermal performances and high chemical resistance properties. This makes it an appealing material in high-performance applications as a replacement for poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK). PEKK was thus selected in this study as a base material for application in 3D printing. The effects of nozzle temperature, layer orientation and layer thickness on the final properties of 3D-printed PEKK parts were investigated. Furthermore, we assessed the mechanical and morphological features of printed samples through tensile tests and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Thermal properties of samples were also evaluated through DSC and DMA analysis. Optimum printing parameters were found at 0.15 mm layer thickness, 380 C nozzle temperature, and [45/À45 ] layer orientation.The printed PEKK samples were annealed at various temperatures to allow the relaxation of residual stress and enhance the degree of crystallinity. Samples annealed for 1 h at 240 C have shown an improved elastic modulus by $14%, tensile strength by 17%, and glass transition temperature by 17.2 C from the increased by 24% degree of crystallinity.

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A comprehensive review on surface modifications of polymer‐based 3D‐printed structures: Metal coating prospects and challenges

Gautam,

Gogoi,

Kongnyui

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The production of complex structures out of a variety of materials has undergone a revolution due to the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Initially confined to applications such as magnetic actuators and two‐dimensional electric or electronic circuits, the convergence of 3D printing and metallization methods has emerged as a revolutionary approach. This synergy facilitates the creation of functional and customizable metal‐polymer hybrid structures characterized by high strength, lightweight properties, intricate geometric designs, and superior surface finish. These structures also exhibit enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as optical reflectivity. This paper reviews techniques to improve the effectiveness of 3D‐printed polymer antennas and structures by using various techniques of metallization. The metallization processes are examined, and a classification based on the materials employed is presented to facilitate comparisons that highlight the optimal utilization of materials for the fabrication of 3D‐printed polymer structures. The main emphasis here is on the effectiveness of different processes in terms of deposition, bonding strength, electrical conductivity, and various characteristics of metallic coatings developed on polymers. This review contributes an in‐depth analysis of the latest developments in 3D printing and metallization techniques specifically applied to polymer antennas and structures. The exploration extends to potential applications, challenges encountered, and future prospects within this dynamic field. As AM and metallization continue to evolve, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the state‐of‐the‐art methodologies and their implications for the future of polymer‐based structures and antennas.

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Enhanced Metal Coating Adhesion by Surface Modification of 3D Printed PEKKs

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Metallization of Recycled Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Processed by UV-Assisted 3D Printing

Metallization of Recycled Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Processed by UV-Assisted 3D Printing

Effect of printing parameters on tensile, thermal and structural properties of 3D‐printed poly (ether ketone ketone) PEKK material using fused deposition modeling

A comprehensive review on surface modifications of polymer‐based 3D‐printed structures: Metal coating prospects and challenges

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