Enhanced long-chain fatty acid uptake contributes to overaccumulation of triglyceride in hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Lai, Ying-Hsiu; Chien, Yueh; Kwok, Ching Fai; Ho, ­Low‐Tone

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.05.007

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Among these metabolites, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde is a type of glutamate that can reduce oxidative stress and protect the intestinal function [ 54 ]. However, DL-2-hydroxy stearic acid, 2Z-octadecenoic acid, 3R-hydroxy-eicosanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid are long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) which have been reported to exert harmful effects, including accelerating the formation of fatty liver and obesity [ 55 , 56 ]. In this regard, hyperlipidemia tended to suppress the production of beneficial metabolites but, conversely, promoted the generation of harmful metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation

Yang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Foods

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bergamot polysaccharide (BP) and Laoxianghuang polysaccharides (LPs, fermented bergamot) on the microbiome and metabolome during the in vitro fermentation of gut microbiota from patients with hyperlipidemia. Results indicated that both BP and LPs were able to increase the production of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. However, only LPs could decrease the content of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid, which are detrimental to gut health. A 16S rRNA analysis showed that both BP and LPs could reduce the proportion of Fusobacterium, whereas they increased the Bacteroides content in hyperlipidemia. Untargeted UPLC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling found six bio-markers that were significantly changed after BP and LPs intervention, and four of the down-regulated metabolites were long-chain fatty acids associated with vascular diseases. These findings provide new evidence that BP and LPs have the potential to regulate imbalances in the gut microbiota in patients with hyperlipidemia and ameliorate its metabolic abnormalities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation

Yang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…The primary function of FABP family members is LCFA intracellular transport; they might also promote LCFA desorption from the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane [81]. Further, desorbed LCFAs are bound by FABP and transported to various organelles for metabolism, such as mitochondria for β-oxidation [79,86] or assembly into peroxisomes for β-oxidation [87], and synthesis of triacylglycerol and other complex lipids on the outer leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum [82,88]. Non-esterified free FAs (NEFAs) must be activated to acyl-CoA by their acyl-CoA synthetase, as the first step of any metabolic process [89].…”

Section: Intracellular Lcfa Metabolic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Uptake, Metabolism and Sensing of Long-Chain Fatty Acids

He¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Fatty acids (FAs) are critical nutrients that regulate an organism's health and development in mammal. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can be divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, depending on whether the carbon chain contains at least 1 double bond. The fatty acids that are required for humans and animals are obtained primarily from dietary sources, and LCFAs are absorbed from outside of cells in mammals. LCFAs enter cells through several mechanisms, including passive diffusion and protein-mediated translocation across the plasma membrane, the latter in which FA translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane FA-binding protein (FABPpm), FA transport protein (FATP), and caveolin-1 are believed to have important functions. The LCFAs that are taken up by cells bind to FA-binding proteins (FABPs) and are transported to the specific organelles, where they are activated into acyl-CoA to target specific metabolic pathways. LCFA-CoAs can be esterified to phospholipids, triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester, and other specialized lipids. Non-esterified free fatty acids are preferentially stored as triacylglycerol molecules. The main pathway by which fatty acids are catabolized is β-oxidation, which occurs in mitochondria and peroxisomes. stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-dependent and Fatty acid desaturases (FADS)-dependent fatty acid desaturation pathways coexist in cells and provide metabolic plasticity. The process of fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. Extracellular LCFA can be mediated by membrane protein G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) or G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and intracellular LCFA's sensor remains to be determined. The crystal structures of a phosphatidic acid phosphatase and a membrane-bound fatty acid elongase-condensing enzyme and other LCFA-related proteins provide important insights into the mechanism of utilization, increasing our understanding of the cellular uptake, metabolism and sensing of LCFAs.

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Enhanced long-chain fatty acid uptake contributes to overaccumulation of triglyceride in hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation

Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation

Cellular Uptake, Metabolism and Sensing of Long-Chain Fatty Acids

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