Enhanced Linear Growth Responses in Hypopituitary Dwarfs Treated with Growth Hormone Plus Androgen versus Growth Hormone Alone

MacGillivray, Margaret H.; Kolotkin, Marvin; Munschauer, Richard W.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197402000-00006

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Tanner and Whitehouse [209] sug- Table 3. Androgen therapy in hypopituitary patients Aynsley-Green et al [7] Harada et al [101] McGillivray et al [159] Pertzelan et al [194] Raiti et al [ [210], however, re-evaluated some of the data reported by these groups and concluded growth to be less favourable than with constant GH administration. Though the available results on the final height achieved by comparable groups of patients treated according to either regimen presently do not prove the superiority of one or the other point of view, intermittent therapy should possibly be avoided.…”

Section: Intermittent Therapymentioning

confidence: 93%

Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance

et al. 1982

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Section: Intermittent Therapymentioning

confidence: 93%

Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance

et al. 1982

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“…Growth hormone therapy increases the hair zinc concentration, and reduces urinary ex cretion of zinc [8]. Synergistic effects of growth hormone and androgen therapy have been reported in the therapy of short children [25][26][27][28],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Zinc Supplements on Growth, Hormonal Levels, and Zinc in Healthy Short Children

Ghavami-Maibodi¹,

Collipp²,

Castro‐Magana³

et al. 1983

Ann Nutr Metab

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13 short children aged 7–13 years who had a retarded bone age and low hair zinc concentration (under 140 µg/g) were treated with oral zinc supplements for a year. There was a significant increase in the growth rate in the children whose hair zinc concentration increased. Growth hormone, testosterone and somatomedin C also increased after oral zinc supplementation. Data from 755 short healthy children who have attended our Growth Clinic are presented which describe their hair and serum zinc concentration at different ages. The data indicate a decline in hair zinc concentration after birth with a gradual increase at age 4–6 years, finally reaching adult normal levels after adolescence.

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“…Both hormones interact with growth hormone in control of the adolescent growth spurt (2)(3)(4). After growth is completed, androgens and estrogens maintain bone mass in the adult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells.

Colvard

Eriksen

Keeting

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

420

144

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The sex steroids, androgens and estrogens, are major regulators of bone metabolism. However, whether these hormones act on bone cells through direct or Androgens and estrogens are major regulators of bone metabolism in males and females, respectively (1). Both hormones interact with growth hormone in control of the adolescent growth spurt (2-4). After growth is completed, androgens and estrogens maintain bone mass in the adult. In women, menopause causes accelerated bone loss that can be prevented by estrogen administration (5,6). Treatment of postmenopausal women with androgen derivatives, synthetic anabolic steroids, produces beneficial effects on bone metabolism (7, 8). In males, hypogonadism is associated with bone loss, which is stabilized by testosterone administration (9).Because previous attempts to demonstrate receptors in bone cells of experimental animals (10, 11) or humans (12) have been unsuccessful, the prevailing view has been that the action of sex steroids on skeletal tissue is mediated indirectly. Recent data, however, suggest that estrogen has a direct action. Both specific nuclear binding of estradiol and the presence of estrogen receptor mRNA were demonstrated in normal human osteoblast-like cell strains (13) (17,18). In addition, a cDNA probe for the human androgen receptor (19) was used to determine whether human osteoblasts contained androgen receptor mRNA. METHODSCell Culture. Human bone cells were cultured from fresh samples of trabecular bone obtained during orthopedic procedures, by a procedure modified from that developed by Robey and Termine (20). These cultured cells had the typical characteristics of the osteoblast phenotype (13, 21). In brief, residual fibrous tissue was carefully dissected from the bone samples, which were then washed and minced in phosphatebuffered saline and digested with crude bacterial collagenase (GIBCO) at 1 mg/ml in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, GIBCO) for 2 hr at 370C in a shaking water bath. These fragments were then cultured in a phenol red-free medium (GIBCO) approximately equivalent to a Ca2+-free 1:1 (vol/vol) mixture of Ham's F-12 and DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin. Steroid receptor assays were routinely performed after the second passage of cells in 175-cm2 culture flasks (20-30 population doublings). Two to 3 months of culture were required to obtain the 4 million cells needed for each assay in replicate.In experiments to assess nuclear binding of radiolabeled steroids, the medium was replaced for 48 hr by the same medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM Ca2'.Twenty-four hours before receptor assay, the medium was changed to serum-free medium containing 2 mM Ca2 .Nuclear Binding Assay. The specific nuclear binding of tritiated steroids in these cells was measured by a nuclear binding assay as described in detail previously and modified for tissue culture cells (13,17,18). In brief, human osteoblastlike cells at confluence were removed by trypsinization and...

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Enhanced Linear Growth Responses in Hypopituitary Dwarfs Treated with Growth Hormone Plus Androgen versus Growth Hormone Alone

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance

Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance

Effect of Oral Zinc Supplements on Growth, Hormonal Levels, and Zinc in Healthy Short Children

Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells.

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