Enhanced intercellular release of anticancer drug by using nano-sized catanionic vesicles of doxorubicin hydrochloride and gemini surfactants

Revealing the mechanisms of vesicle formation with multiple spectral methods

“…21 It was reported that DOX, an anticancer drug molecule, spontaneously formed micelles or vesicles in aqueous solutions of polymers, Gemini surfactants and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. [22][23][24] At the same time, it is known that AOT is a typical double-chained anionic surfactant, which tends to form micelles (42.5 mM) and vesicles (47.5 mM) in aqueous solutions. 25,26 With the increase of the concentration to above 29 mM, 27,28 different aggregation structures of lamellar liquid crystalline phase, bicontinuous cubic phase and reverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phase may form in the solution.…”

Gemini and Bicephalous Surfactants: A Review on Their Synthesis, Micelle Formation, and Uses

“…Srivastava et al developed gemini surfactant vesicles for encapsulation and release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. They found that vesicles reduce the toxicity and showed better therapeutic effects at high drug concentrations [112]. Recently, Choi et al synthesized disulfide-bridged gemini surfactants and their micellar properties were analyzed in the release of drugs for reactive oxygen species.…”

Base-triggerable lauryl sarcosinate–dodecyl sulfate catanionic liposomes: structure, biophysical characterization, and drug entrapment/release studies

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The spontaneous formation, higher colloidal stability, and versatility in the charge and size of catanionic vesicles have made them attractive candidates over conventional liposomes for drug delivery applications. 15,[22][23][24][25] Over the last decade or so, researchers have been attracted to amino acid based surfactants for the design of stable catanionic vesicles due to their good surface properties, versatile self-assembly, and simple synthesis. 9,20,21,[26][27][28][29][30][31] Besides, different amino acid based surfactants have also been used in many biomedical applications such as gelation, emulsification, drug delivery and nanoparticle templating, and as antimicrobials.…”