Enhanced Human Gingival Fibroblast Response and Reduced <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Adhesion with Titania Nanotubes

Xu, Zhiqiang; He, Yuqi; Zeng, Xiufeng; Zeng, Xiuxia; Huang, Jianyi; Lin, Xiangmin; Chen, Jiang

doi:10.1155/2020/5651780

Cited by 10 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Depending on the general shape in terms of length, width and distances between these pillars, different effects such as penetration, rupture of the membrane through stretching or buckling of the bacterial wall are discussed as the actual antibacterial effect [7]. Titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm could successfully enhance gingival fibroblast proliferation and attachment while reducing the adhesion of P. gingivalis [14]. In this regard, there seem to be different targets in terms of how a nanostructure should be designed, and implants with such surfaces have not yet been introduced into the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

et al. 2021

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Objectives: The transgingival part of titanium implants is either machined or polished. Cell-surface interactions as a result of nano-modified surfaces could help gingival fibroblast adhesion and support antibacterial properties by means of the physico-mechanical aspects of the surfaces. The aim of the present study was to determine how a nanocavity titanium surface affects the viability and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). Additionally, its properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis were tested. Material and Methods: Two different specimens were evaluated: commercially available machined titanium discs (MD) and nanostructured discs (ND). To obtain ND, machined titanium discs with a diameter of 15 mm were etched with a 1:1 mixture of 98% H2SO4 and 30% H2O2 (piranha etching) for 5 h at room temperature. Surface topography characterization was performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Samples were exposed to HGF-1 to assess the effect on cell viability and adhesion, which were compared between the two groups by means of MTT assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. After incubation with P. gingivalis, antibacterial properties of MD and ND were determined by conventional culturing, live/dead staining and SEM. Results: The present study successfully created a nanostructured surface on commercially available machined titanium discs. The etching process created cavities with a 10–20 nm edge-to-edge diameter. MD and ND show similar adhesion forces equal to about 10–30 nN. The achieved nanostructuration reduced the cell alignment along machining structures and did not negatively affect the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts when compared to MD. No differences in the expression levels of both actin and vinculin proteins, after incubation on MD or ND, were observed. However, the novel ND surface failed to show antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis cannot be achieved with nanocavities within a range of 10–20 nm and based on the piranha etching procedure. The proliferation of HGF-1 and the expression levels and localization of the structural proteins actin and vinculin were not influenced by the surface nanostructuration. Further studies on the strength of the gingival cell adhesion should be performed in the future. Clinical relevance: Since osseointegration is well investigated, mucointegration is an important part of future research and developments. Little is known about how nanostructures on the machined transgingival part of an implant could possibly influence the surrounding tissue. Targeting titanium surfaces with improved antimicrobial properties requires extensive preclinical basic research to gain clinical relevance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

et al. 2021

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“…Capelatto et al [ 19 ] verified that titanium nanotube samples presented a significant effect on the number of cells present, showing an increase of cells from day 1 to day 7. The cell proliferation assay results showed that titanium nanotubes (100 nm) could promote high cell proliferation compared with control Ti [ 29 ]. Furthermore, Ti nanotube alloys can induce cell growth and biocompatibility in stem cells after one and seven days in culture [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we observed cells on the nanotube titanium sheets (100 nm or 150 nm) by SEM. In addition, titanium nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm promoted cell attachment of human gingival fibroblasts [ 29 ]. Kumeria et al [ 13 ] reported that an advanced biopolymer-coated drug-releasing titanium nanotubes implant enhanced osteoblast adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Camargo et al [ 35 ] showed that coatings based on SiC and TiN applied on Ti surfaces were effective against P. gingivalis in vitro. Titanium nanotubes (100 nm) could also decrease the adhesion of P. gingivalis to the transgingival area, facilitating the attachment of soft tissue, inhibiting the adhesion of bacterial biofilm, and preserving the crestal bone [ 29 ]. In this study, we observed that biofilm adhesion was low in titanium nanotube sheets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured Surfaces to Promote Osteoblast Proliferation and Minimize Bacterial Adhesion on Titanium

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of titanium nanotubes to promote the proliferation of human osteoblasts and to reduce monomicrobial biofilm adhesion. A secondary objective was to determine the effect of silicon carbide (SiC) on these nanostructured surfaces. Anodized titanium sheets with 100–150 nm nanotubes were either coated or not coated with SiC. After 24 h of osteoblast cultivation on the samples, cells were observed on all titanium sheets by SEM. In addition, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by CellTiter-BlueCell assay after 1, 3, and 7 days. The samples were also cultivated in culture medium with microorganisms incubated anaerobically with respective predominant periodontal bacteria viz. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia as monoinfection at 37 °C for 30 days. The biofilm adhesion and coverage were evaluated through surface observation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that Ti nanostructured surfaces induced more cell proliferation after seven days. All groups presented no cytotoxic effects on human osteoblasts. In addition, SEM images illustrate that Ti nanostructured surfaces exhibited lower biofilm coverage compared to the reference samples. These results indicate that Ti nanotubes promoted osteoblasts proliferation and induced cell proliferation on the surface, compared with the controls. Ti nanotubes also reduced biofilm adhesion on titanium implant surfaces.

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“…Therefore, no HGF adhesion was observed at 24, 72, and 150 h, suggesting that P. gingivalis had an adverse effect on HGF cell adhesion and proliferation. This adverse bacterial effect on cell adhesion has been suggested to result from alteration of the extracellular matrix and its components [33][34][35][36] . Propidium iodide signals, which represented dead bacteria, were more intense than SYTO 9 signals, which represented live bacteria in all groups (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Surface Properties, Bacterial and Lipopolysaccharide Clearance, and Human Gingival Fibroblast Adhesion: An In-Vitro Peri-Implantitis Model

Wang¹,

Lee²,

Jhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion in an ex vivo peri-implantitis model. Methods: Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2 to 6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Results: Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Conclusion: Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage is a promising therapy for managing peri-implantitis .

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Enhanced Human Gingival Fibroblast Response and Reduced Porphyromonas gingivalis Adhesion with Titania Nanotubes

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

Nanostructured Surfaces to Promote Osteoblast Proliferation and Minimize Bacterial Adhesion on Titanium

Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Surface Properties, Bacterial and Lipopolysaccharide Clearance, and Human Gingival Fibroblast Adhesion: An In-Vitro Peri-Implantitis Model

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