Enhanced healing of cartilaginous injuries by N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and glucuronic acid

Tamai, Yoshin; Miyatake, K; Okamoto, Yoshiharu; Takamori, Yoshimori; Sakamoto, Koji; Minami, Saburo

doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(03)00170-x

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…b-1,4 linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, the basic structural unit of chitin is known to have various biological functions, and has attracted special attention for the treatment of osteoarthritis (Tamai et al 2003), inflammatory bowel diseases (Salvatore et al 2000) and gastritis (Gindzienski et al 1971) and in food as supplement (Aloise et al 1996;Jeon et al 2000;Sashiwa et al 2001;Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003;Kuk et al 2005a;Kurita 2006). Generally, GlcNAc is produced by the hydrolysis of chitin with concentrated HCl and acid hydrolysis has several disadvantages, including low yield, formation of acid wastes, high production cost and deacetylation of products Kuk et al 2005a;2005b;Binod et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced degradation of α-chitin materials prepared from shrimp processing byproduct and production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by thermoactive chitinases from soil mesophilic fungi

Suresh

Kumar

2012

Biodegradation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil isolates of mesophilic Penicillium monoverticillium CFR 2, Aspergillus flavus CFR 10 and Fusarium oxysporum CFR 8 were cultivated in solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran solid medium supplemented with α-chitin in order to produce chitinolytic enzyme. Under SSF cultivation, maximum enzymes (U/g IDS) production was 41.0 (endo-chitinase) and 195.4 (β-N-acetylhexosaminidase) by P. monoverticillium, 26.8 (endo-chitinase) and 222.1 (β-N-acetylhexosaminidase) by A. flavus and 13.3 (endo-chitinase) and 168.3 (β-N-acetylhexosaminidase) by F. oxysporum after 166 h of incubation. The crude endo-chitinase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase derived from A. flavus and F. oxysporum revealed optimum temperature at 62 ± 1°C, but the enzymes from P. monoverticillium showed optimum temperature at 52 ± 1°C for maximum activity. Several fold increase in endo-chitinase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activities in the crude enzymes preparation was achieved after concentrating with polyethylene glycol. The concentrated crude chitinases from P. monoverticillium, A. flavus and F. oxysporum, respectively yielded 95.6, 96.6 and 96.1 mmol/l of N-acetyl-D: -glucosamine (GlcNAc) in 48 h of reaction from colloidal chitin. While, the crude enzyme preparations of P. monoverticillium, A. flavus and F. oxysporum produced 10.11, 6.85 and 10.7 mmol/l of GlcNAc respectively, in 48 h of reaction from crystalline α-chitin. HPLC analysis of colloidal chitin hydrolysates prepared with crude chitinases derived from P. monoverticillium, A. flavus and F. oxysporum revealed that the major reaction product was monomeric GlcNAc (~80%) and a small amount of (GlcNAc)(4) (~20%), indicating the potential of these enzymes for efficient production of GlcNAc from α-chitin.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced degradation of α-chitin materials prepared from shrimp processing byproduct and production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by thermoactive chitinases from soil mesophilic fungi

Suresh

Kumar

2012

Biodegradation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, autoradiograms revealed that the residual radioactivity was distributed in the various glycosaminoglycan-containing tissues, such as the skin, cartilage and eyes, suggesting that the administered GlcNAc is utilized for the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Notably, a previous study revealed that oral administration of GlcNAc to the experimental cartilage injury model demonstrated that injuries were significantly repaired by GlcNAc administration, accompanied with the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N-acetylglucosamine administration on cartilage metabolism and safety in healthy subjects without symptoms of arthritis: A case report

Kubomura

Ueno

Yamada

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a widely accepted treatment for osteoarthritis (OA); however, its effect on healthy individuals is poorly understood. To evaluate the effect of GlcNAc administration on healthy subjects that do not exhibit symptoms of arthritis, the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed. In the present study, 68 male and female Japanese participants, without symptomatic and radiographic evidence of OA, were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive placebo or GlcNAc (500 or 1,000 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Effects were evaluated using biomarkers for type II collagen degradation and synthesis, collagen type II cleavage (C2C), procollagen type II carboxy-terminal propeptide (PIICP) and their ratio (C2C/PIICP). Furthermore, safety assessments were performed via physical parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry and urinalysis. The results indicated that there was no significant change in the biomarkers for type II collagen degeneration and synthesis during and after the intervention with the placebo and two GlcNAc groups. However, subgroup analysis using subjects with impaired cartilage metabolism (who exhibited enhanced type II collagen degradation and reduced type II collagen synthesis) indicated that the C2C levels were significantly decreased at 8 (P<0.05) and 16 (P<0.01) weeks during the intervention in the two GlcNAc (500 mg and 1,000 mg/day) groups, compared with the placebo group. In contrast, PIICP levels were not notably different in the placebo and two GlcNAc groups. The C2C/PIICP ratio was markedly decreased at 12 and 16 weeks during the intervention in the two GlcNAc groups, compared with the placebo group. Moreover, no supplement-related adverse events were observed during and after the intervention. In conclusion, these observations indicate that oral administration of GlcNAc at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/day improves cartilage metabolism in healthy subjects without apparent adverse effects.

show abstract

“…1 In human GlcNAc is the constituent element of proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan polymer chains (such as hyaluronic acid, sulphate chondroitin and sulphate keratan), which are necessary to repair and maintain healthy cartilage and joint function 2 . GlcNAc generally white crystalline powder has a sweet taste that is used as a sugar substitute and received great attention in the treatment of osteoarthritis 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of N-Acetylglucosamine From Enzymatic Degradationof Amorphous Chitin

2017

Rasayan J Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

N-Acetylglucosamine is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin with (1,4)-β-linkages and the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose. The purpose of this study was to analyze N-acetyl glucosamine from enzymatic degradation chitin. The method used is the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin types amorphous using chitinase from Pseudomonas sp. TNH54. Chitin is a kind of amorphous modified chitin and showed high activity against chitinase. N-acetylglucosamine production optimization has been done with a substrate concentration of 1.2%, enzyme concentration of 0.097 U/mL and the incubation time of 8 hours. The result of purification with ethanol shows a peak with a retention time of 3.1 and a purity of 96.7%. The result showed that the N-acetyl glucosamine hydrolysis enzymatic is in accordance with the standards. Furthermore, experiments to establish purification of N-Acetylglucosamine by ethanol -acetonitrile provides a fairly high yield with similar properties commercial N-Acetylglucosamine

show abstract

Enhanced healing of cartilaginous injuries by N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and glucuronic acid

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced degradation of α-chitin materials prepared from shrimp processing byproduct and production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by thermoactive chitinases from soil mesophilic fungi

Enhanced degradation of α-chitin materials prepared from shrimp processing byproduct and production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by thermoactive chitinases from soil mesophilic fungi

Effect of N-acetylglucosamine administration on cartilage metabolism and safety in healthy subjects without symptoms of arthritis: A case report

Analysis of N-Acetylglucosamine From Enzymatic Degradationof Amorphous Chitin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About