Enhanced four-wave mixing with nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces

Jin, Bo; Argyropoulos, Christos

doi:10.1038/srep28746

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(82 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another interesting third-order optical nonlinear procedure is FWM which typical requires very high input intensities to be excited. A feasible way to improve the efficiency of the FWM process is to increase the local field intensity at both input waves by using an artificially engineered structure [39,83]. In the following, we demonstrate that the proposed graphene-covered grating can serve as an excellent platform to also boost this nonlinear process at THz frequencies.…”

Section: Four Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hybrid Graphene-Plasmonic Gratings to Achieve Enhanced Nonlinear Effects at Terahertz Frequencies

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High input intensities are usually required to efficiently excite optical nonlinear effects in ultrathin structures due to their extremely weak nature. This problem is particularly critical at low terahertz (THz) frequencies because high input power THz sources are not available. The demonstration of enhanced nonlinear effects at THz frequencies is particularly important since these nonlinear mechanisms promise to play a significant role in the development and design of new reconfigurable planar THz nonlinear devices. In this work, we present a novel class of ultrathin nonlinear hybrid planar THz devices based on graphene-covered plasmonic gratings exhibiting very large nonlinear response. The robust localization and enhancement of the electric field along the graphene monolayer, combined with the large nonlinear conductivity of graphene, can lead to boosted third harmonic generation (THG) and four-wave mixing (FWM) nonlinear processes at THz frequencies. These interesting nonlinear effects exhibit very high nonlinear conversion efficiencies and are triggered by realistic input intensities with relative low values. In addition, the THG and FWM processes can be significantly tuned by the dimensions of the proposed hybrid structures, the doping level of graphene, or the input intensity values, whereas the nonlinear radiated power remains relatively insensitive to the incident angle of the excitation source. The presented nonlinear hybrid graphene-covered plasmonic gratings have a relative simple geometry and, as a result, can be used to realize efficient third-order nonlinear THz effects with a limited fabrication complexity. Several new nonlinear THz devices are envisioned based on the proposed hybrid nonlinear structures, such as frequency generators, all-optical signal processors, and wave mixers. These devices are expected to be useful for nonlinear THz spectroscopy, noninvasive THz subwavelength imaging, and THz communication applications.

show abstract

Section: Four Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hybrid Graphene-Plasmonic Gratings to Achieve Enhanced Nonlinear Effects at Terahertz Frequencies

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where Ω = ω 3 is the angular frequency of generated new light, P Ω and P NL is the linear and nonlinear polarization at Ω. P Ω has the same form as P ω as mentioned above. P NL is expressed as [20],…”

Section: Geometry Materials and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that for the isotropic materials, Au or dielectrics, we have χ (3) = χ (3) xxxx = χ (3) yyyy = χ (3) zzzz = χ (3) xxyy + χ (3) xyxy + χ (3) xyyx , and χ (3) xxyy = χ (3) xyxy = χ (3) xyyx is assumed [41]. The nonlinear materials, such as SrTiO 3 films [42], nonstoichiometric SiC [43] or SiO x C y films [44], transition-metal oxides (Cr 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 etc) [45], nitrogen-enriched TiO 2 films [46], Si quantum dots doped Si-rich SiN x films [47], P-toluene sulphonate [48], possess large χ (3) ∼ 10 −17 m 2 V −2 , and the component χ (3) iiii (i = x, y, z) is assumed to be 4 × 10 −18 m 2 V −2 [20].…”

Section: Geometry Materials and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome the weak nature of third-order optical nonlinearity of materials, various optical resonators are designed to boost the FWM process by confining or slowing the light in extreme small volumes. For example, dispersion engineered waveguides [8,9], photonic crystal waveguides [10,11], waveguides integrated with 2D materials [12,13], micro-ring resonators [14,15], Fabry-Perot cavity [16], and various plasmonic nanostructures [17][18][19][20]. Among these methods, the plasmonic nanostructures have attracted enormous attention since the electromagnetic waves can be extremely confined into deep subwavelength volumes, and thus the local field can be dramatically enhanced to strength the light-matter interaction [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resonance wavelength in the plasmonic nanostructures can be flexibly tuned by changing the shape, the coupling gap, and dielectric environment of plasmonic nanostructures, which can realize the efficient FWM in a broadband. FWM efficiency was reported to be enhanced up to sixteen to nineteen orders in the plasmonic nanowires coupled with silver films [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of nonlocal response in plasmonic metasurfaces on four-wave mixing

Zhang

Huo

et al. 2021

New J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the impact of nonlocal response in metallic nanostructures on four-wave mixing (FWM) process in nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces which consist of Au nanostrips coupled with Au film spaced by an ultrathin dielectric film. When the dielectric film is linear and FWM only from the Au nanostructures, the FWM efficiency of around two orders of magnitude enhancement is obtained when the nonlocal effect of Au, not the traditionally local Drude model of Au, is considered. However, when the dielectric film is nonlinear and FWM from the Au nanostructures is negligible, the almost half FWM response from the nonlinear metasurface under the nonlocal, not the local model, of Au is confirmed. These results are both ascribed to the different local electric field distributions near the surface of Au nanostructures and in the gap at the local and nonlocal response of Au. The results have an important significance to design ultra-compacted integrated nonlinear optical devices or to explain the experimental measurements of nonlinear response involving plasmonic nanostructures of ultra-small gaps.

show abstract

Nonreciprocal Transmission in Nonlinear PT‐Symmetric Metamaterials Using Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Media Doped with Defects

Jin

Argyropoulos

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

point exists, named exceptional point (EP), where the two eigenvalues of the system merge and the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian becomes defective. [24,25] The EP is the critical state found exactly before the system experiences a PT-breaking transition [24,[26][27][28][29][30][31] leading to larger than one transmission and eventually to spectral singularities or lasing. It has been demonstrated that the reflection becomes asymmetric at the EP by illuminating from opposite directions, while the transmittance is equal to unity due to reciprocity. [14] PT-symmetric systems have recently been designed by using different photonic and optical metamaterial schemes, such as zero index metamaterials (ZIMs), epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, hyperbolic metamaterials, and multilayer Bragg gratings. [14,17,18,32,33] Optical nonlinearity is an inevitable phenomenon in the material response when the input power of the incident radiation is increased. [34][35][36][37] By accounting the effect of nonlinearity into PT-symmetric devices operating at the broken PT-symmetric phase, away from the EP, where a spectral singularity exists, or other passive asymmetric systems, the transmission can become nonreciprocal and the Lorentz reciprocity law is broken. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] The asymmetric transmission is of great importance to many photonic applications, such as optical diodes, isolators, and cloaks. [11,19,24] However, passive nonlinear nonreciprocal systems suffer from fundamental physical bounds between their nonreciprocal transmission contrast and asymmetric field distribution. [41,43,46,47] In addition, lasing or other detrimental instabilities can occur for nonlinear PT-symmetric devices operating at the broken PT-symmetric phase that will limit their nonreciprocal response even in the presence of saturable nonlinearities. [40] In this work, the aforementioned limitations on nonlinear self-induced nonreciprocity are broken by using a scalable and compact PT-symmetric active metamaterial constructed by two ENZ media separated by an ultrathin gap filled with air and photonically doped with gain and loss defects. [48] We demonstrate that the extremely asymmetric field distribution, combined with the enhanced nonlinear effects inside both defects, will lead to almost perfect nonreciprocal transmission with a pronounced contrast. The permeability of the two ENZ media Nonreciprocal transmission forms the basic operation mechanism of optical diodes and isolators and requires the tantalizing task of breaking the Lorentz reciprocity law. In this work, strong nonreciprocal transmission is demonstrated by using a compact nonlinear parity-time (PT) symmetric system based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials photonically doped with gain and loss defects and separated by an ultrathin air gap. The nonlinear response of this scalable configuration is triggered at relatively low optical intensities due to the strong electric field confinement in the defects. The extreme asymmetric field distribution achieved upon excitati...

show abstract

Enhanced four-wave mixing with nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Hybrid Graphene-Plasmonic Gratings to Achieve Enhanced Nonlinear Effects at Terahertz Frequencies

Hybrid Graphene-Plasmonic Gratings to Achieve Enhanced Nonlinear Effects at Terahertz Frequencies

Impact of nonlocal response in plasmonic metasurfaces on four-wave mixing

Nonreciprocal Transmission in Nonlinear PT‐Symmetric Metamaterials Using Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Media Doped with Defects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About