Enhanced flame retardancy of polypropylene by melamine-modified graphene oxide

Yuan, Bihe; Huang, Sheng; Mu, Xiaowei; Song, Lei; Tai, Qilong; Shi, Yongqian; Liew, K.M.; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9083-0

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Figure shows the TEM images of GO and f‐GO for different magnification. Like previous reports, GO exhibits a typical smooth morphology with some visible wrinkles (Figure A) . Notably, clear pellet‐like formations can be seen uniformly distributed on the surface of f‐GO nanosheets, indicating the successful introduction of DEPA onto the GO sheets (Figure B–D).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction in Water: Preparation and Flame‐Retardation on Epoxy Resin

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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A novel functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) decorated with phosphorus/ nitrogen (P/N)-containing molecules is fabricated using a facile water-based procedure. The chemical structure and micro-morphology are well characterized by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. Reactive force field-based molecular dynamics simulations reveal at the atomic level that the GO sheets are successfully functionalized with P-N flame-retardant molecules by means of hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, f-GO with extremely low loading is introduced into epoxy resin (EP) for reducing its flammability. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that f-GO significantly reduces the maximum mass loss rate of EP and enhances the char-yield during heating. Combined with the results of a microscale combustion calorimeter and limiting oxygen index, EP/f-GO2 shows better flame retardancy than the other nanocomposites. Furthermore, the presence of 2 wt% f-GO substantially reduces the fire hazard of EP, resulting in 29.3% decline in the peak heat release rate, as well as 73% and 65% reduction in total smoke production and rate of smoke release, respectively, according to cone calorimetric tests. Based on the analyses of the char layers, f-GO is determined to promote the formation of a more protective phosphorus-containing char barrier for EP during combustion, indicating an effective condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism.1900164 (2 of 10) www.advancedsciencenews.com www.mme-journal.de

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction in Water: Preparation and Flame‐Retardation on Epoxy Resin

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The third category of flame retardant graphenenanocomposite flame retardants refers to conventional-organic flame retardant molecules graphenenanocomposite flame retardants. They include conventional-organic flame retardants such as phosphorus-containing organic flame retardants [40,[85][86][87], phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing organic flame retardants [88][89][90][91][92][93], and phosphorus-and siliconcontaining-organic flame retardants [94,95]. These organic flame retardants can functionalize graphene by inserting covalently bonded molecules between the layers of graphene (intercalation).…”

Section: Molecules-modified Graphene Composite Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Sang

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci

184

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Graphene and its derivatives are potential flame retardant materials with good flame retardant performance; in particular, graphene as an adjuvant in combination with inorganic nanomaterials may be a promising candidate of flame retardant. This review describes the flame retardant mechanism, the development trend, and the classification of graphene-based flame retardants. It points out that graphene has attracted intensive interests in the fields of electronics, energy, and information, due to its excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, good electron transport ability, and large specific surface area. In the meantime, graphene can change the pyrolysis as well as the thermal conductivity, heat absorption, viscosity and dripping of polymer during the combustion process. In other words, graphene can improve the thermal stability of polymer and delay its ignition, and it can also inhibit fire from spreading and reduce heat release rate.

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“…Various functional treatments or synergistic addition of flame retardants have been performed on graphene surfaces, including the incorporation of P, N, or Si [201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212]. Hu et al, [62] synthesized a functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) gra ed to a hyper-branched flame retardant based on N-aminoethyl piperazine and a phosphonate derivative to reduce the flammability and toxic gas release of polystyrene (PS).…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

Hong

Chen

2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.

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Enhanced flame retardancy of polypropylene by melamine-modified graphene oxide

Cited by 60 publications

References 52 publications

Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction in Water: Preparation and Flame‐Retardation on Epoxy Resin

Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction in Water: Preparation and Flame‐Retardation on Epoxy Resin

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

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