Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of corn stover by in situ modification of lignin with poly (ethylene glycol) ether during low temperature alkali pretreatment

Modification of Alkali Lignin with Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diglycidyl Ether to Be Used as a Thickener in Bio-Lubricant Formulations

“…Epoxidation of a variety of lignins with epichlorohydrin has been previously investigated [21,25,26,27]. In these studies, the effects of temperature, reaction time, NaOH/lignin ratio and epoxy/lignin ratio on the chemical modification of lignin were analyzed.…”

NMR Analysis on Molecular Interaction of Lignin with Amino Acid Residues of Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Trichoderma reesei Cel7A

“…Because the pretreated biomass is usually hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes in the presence of lignin fragments, methods have been extensively explored 5–8 for protecting enzymes from the unfavorable binding with lignin. The approaches include the addition of masking agents, such as bovine serum albumin 5 , polyethylene glycol 6 , and surfactants 7 , as well as the incorporation of ionic functional groups into lignin 8 . However, no fundamental theories have discussed how to alter the enzyme to avoid the unfavorable binding with lignin because the binding sites of lignin in enzymes are still not understood clearly.…”

Synergistic effects of pH and organosolv lignin addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv-pretreated loblolly pine

“…23,24 Lignin modication is also an efficient method to suppress the non-productive adsorption of enzymes by increasing acidic groups or hydrophilic groups in lignins. [25][26][27][28][29] More interestingly, it has been reported that non-productive binding can be decreased by simply increasing the pH of enzymatic hydrolysis. 30 This might be because increasing the pH increases the negative charges on the lignins and enzymes, thereby enhancing the electrostatic repulsion between lignins and enzymes.…”