Enhanced Endothelin A and B Receptor Expression and Receptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Rat Mesenteric arteries after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

Abstract

During organ culture of intact vessels, endothelin receptors (ETRs) were upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by various stimuli, but whether inflammation alters ETR expression in vivo remains unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on ETR expression in the VSMC in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg body weight) or normal saline (NS) for 6 hrs. The function and expression of ETR type A (ETA) and type B (ETB) were evaluated in the mesenteric arteries without endothelium, by using myograph system, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that, compared to control (NS) group, LPS treatment potently enhanced the vasoconstriction mediated by ETA or ETB in rat mesenteric artery, with elevated maximum effects. ETA and ETB expressions in the VSMC were increased at both mRNA and protein levels after LPS treatment, paralleled with activation of the NF-κB pathway and augmented serum TNF-α level. Conclusively, in the rat model of immediate systemic inflammation induced by LPS, ETA and ETB expressions were increased in the mesenteric arterial VSMC, paralleled with enhanced receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Our data has for the first time demonstrated the upregulation of ETRs in VSMCs by LPS-induced immediate inflammation in vivo.

Oregano-oil antagonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced toxicity in pre- and post-hatch chick embryo

“…Results of the present investigation reveal an increase of embryonic mortality and decrease of hatchability percentage in injected egg group and the reverse in oregano and LPS egg groups which demonstrate the increase of hatchability with the decrease embryonic mortality are in accordance with those reported by Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska and Szczerbińska (2017) and Zhang et al (2019), who reported that LPS acts on proteins and also on nucleic acid. It is feasible that formaldehyde gas diffused into the egg at an early stage of embryonic development will alkylate the nitrogen atoms of purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA thus inhibiting their functions.…”

“…that are inconsistent with studies of (Bokariya and Umarji 2012;Baylan et al 2018;Zhang et al 2019;Bekhet 2020) they stated that a study of infection of the developing chick embryos might yields interesting results as regards to pathogenicity of disease, because preliminary experiments showed that the embryo was extremely sensitive to infection and that definite and pronounced lesions were easily recognizable in the tissues of the embryo itself. Necrosis of affected liver tissues occurs within 72 h, and subsequent resorption of hepatocytes results in degeneration or loss of already formed structures, which may conclude as malformation which coincide with Cloney andFranz-Odendaal (2015 andZhang et al (2019). Similar results were also reported by (Gardinar 2006) which showed a reduction of 50% in cardiac defects with herbal oils during incubation.…”

“…Similar results were also reported by (Gardinar 2006) which showed a reduction of 50% in cardiac defects with herbal oils during incubation. Furthermore, such embryonic heart defects were reported by (Zhang et al 2019) caused by a variety of environmental toxins and maternal diseases.…”

Estradiol Regulates mRNA Levels of Estrogen Receptor Beta 4 and Beta 5 Isoforms and Modulates Human Granulosa Cell Apoptosis

“…In preovulatory follicles, endothelin-2 is the principal endothelin isoform expressed in human GCs together with its two distinct receptors (ETA and ETB), which possess opposite activities [ 28 , 29 ]. Both ETA and ETB expression is regulated by common stimuli, e.g., ovarian hormones (E2 and progesterone) [ 30 ] or inflammatory mediators [ 31 ], and their functional cooperation was reported to be essential in modulating endothelin physiological outcomes (vasoconstriction or vasodilatation) [ 27 ].…”

MicroRNA-342-3p lOaded by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes Attenuates Deep Vein Thrombosis by Downregulating EDNRA Running Title: Exosome Delivery of miR-342-3p in DVT

“…Actually, EDNRA expression has been examined to increase in blood-outgrowth endothelial cells in the course of systemic capillary leak syndrome [36]. More intriguingly, the increase trend of EDNRA expression has been tested in vascular smooth muscle cells suffered from lipopolysaccharide [37]. Wei Zhou et al have validated that elevation of miR-1929-3p decreases blood pressure and attenuates endothelial cell injury in part by decreasing EDNRA expression in hypertensive vascular remodeling [14].…”