Enhanced emotional interference on working memory performance in adults with ADHD

Marx, Ivo; Domes, Gregor; Havenstein, Carolin; Berger, Christoph; Schulze, Lars; Herpertz, Sabine C.

doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.599213

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The absence of a group difference in emotional-specific interference is in line with some studies (Passarotti et al, 2010a(Passarotti et al, , 2010b but does not correspond to others where emotional interference has been shown when individuals with ADHD were performing EF tasks (Köchel et al, 2014;López-Martín et al, 2013;Marx et al, 2011;Posner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The, to our knowledge, only study on adults reported that subjects with ADHD exhibited lower rates of accuracy in a n-back task compared to control subjects, indicating enhanced EMOTIONAL INTERFERENCE IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD 5 distractibility by emotionally salient stimuli (Marx et al, 2011). Finally, the study of Passarotti et al (2010a) found ADHD-related reduced activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex despite the lack of differences in behavioral performance, which may indicate the use of compensatory strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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“Turning down the heat”: Is poor performance of children with ADHD on tasks tapping “hot” emotional regulation caused by deficits in “cool” executive functions?

Cauwenberge

Sonuga‐Barke

Hoppenbrouwers

et al. 2015

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Emotional dysregulation in daily life is very common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is however not clear whether this reflects a specific deficit or that it may be the result of generic executive function (EF) deficits. The current study addresses this question by means of an emotional working memory (WM) task with 2 memory load conditions and four possible backgrounds (blank screen, neutral, positive or negative picture), which was administered to 38 typically developing children and 29 children with ADHD. Children responded slower on trials when negative pictures were presented at the background versus when neutral pictures were presented, indicating an emotional interference effect; however crucially, groups did not differ in this respect. Reaction times were also slower on trials with a neutral picture as background versus trials without a picture, with children with ADHD showing an enhanced interference effect. There was a main effect of WM load on performance, but it did not interact with interference or group effects. To summarize, the findings indicate a generic interference control deficit in the children with ADHD in the current sample, while they could not provide support for an emotional interference deficit. What this paper adds:This paper adds to the existing literature on emotion regulation in children with ADHD by addressing the question whether emotional dysregulation in ADHD reflects a specific deficit or whether it may be understood as an integral part of impaired executive functioning. An emotional n-back task with different backgrounds was applied to distinguish between emotional interference and generic interference effects. The findings could not provide support for a specific emotional interference deficit. Rather, a generic interference control deficit was found, which may have important theoretical and clinical implications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“Turning down the heat”: Is poor performance of children with ADHD on tasks tapping “hot” emotional regulation caused by deficits in “cool” executive functions?

Cauwenberge

Sonuga‐Barke

Hoppenbrouwers

et al. 2015

Research in Developmental Disabilities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lack of perseverance is conceptualized as "the ability to remain focused on a task that may be boring or difficult'' (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001), a behavior being potentially associated with poor executive performances, and with difficulties in overcoming proactive interference in working memory promoting intrusive thoughts and mind wandering (Gay et al, 2008. Recent works have documented that adults with ADHD had low resistance to distraction during working memory task implying sustained attention (Marx et al, 2011;Pelletier et al, 2013). An impairment in working memory is the hallmark of the ADHD neuropsychological profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidimensional approach of impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Lopez

Dauvilliers

Jaussent

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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“…This is likely due to the extensive variability in the populations studied (typically vs. atypically developing, and different age groups), making it difficult to draw parallels between findings and particularly challenging to make predictions for typically developing children. Some authors find only significant slowing in response to negative emotional cues relative to positive or neutral ones ( healthy adult sample : Kensinger and Corkin, 2003; anxious sample of 8- to 30-year-olds : Ladouceur et al, 2009), whereas others report no reaction time (RT) differences by emotion type and instead report impaired accuracy on trials with negative compared to neutral distractors ( adult controls and ADHD participants : Marx et al, 2011). Others have reported varying speed-accuracy trade-offs by emotion type, including higher accuracy but slower RTs for negative compared to neutral stimuli in a non-verbal working memory task with a sample of schizophrenic participants (Becerril and Barch, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory With Emotional Distraction in Monolingual and Bilingual Children

Janus

Bialystok

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Extensive work has demonstrated the benefits of bilingualism on executive functioning (EF) across the lifespan. Concurrently, other research has shown that EF is related to emotion regulation (ER), an ability that is integral to healthy socio-emotional development. However, no research to date has investigated whether bilingualism-related advantages in EF can also be found in emotional contexts. The current study examined the performance of 93 children who were 9-years old, about half of whom were bilingual, on the Emotional Face N-Back Task, an ER task used to assess the interference effect of emotional processing on working memory. Bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual children in both 1-back and 2-back conditions but were significantly slower than monolingual children on the 2-back condition. There were significant effects of emotional valence on reaction time, but these did not differ across language groups. These results confirm previous research showing better EF performance by bilinguals, but no differences in ER were found between language groups. Findings are discussed in the context of our current understanding of the ER literature with potential implications for previously unexplored differences between monolingual and bilingual children.

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Enhanced emotional interference on working memory performance in adults with ADHD

Abstract: Our results suggest that difficulties in suppressing attention towards emotionally laden stimuli might result from deficient executive control in ADHD.

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

“Turning down the heat”: Is poor performance of children with ADHD on tasks tapping “hot” emotional regulation caused by deficits in “cool” executive functions?

“Turning down the heat”: Is poor performance of children with ADHD on tasks tapping “hot” emotional regulation caused by deficits in “cool” executive functions?

A multidimensional approach of impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Working Memory With Emotional Distraction in Monolingual and Bilingual Children

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