Enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensor for detecting dopamine based on gold nanoflower@graphitic carbon nitride polymer nanosheet–polyaniline hybrids

Abstract

In this work, an enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on gold nanoflower@graphitic carbon nitride polymer nanosheet-polyaniline hybrids (AuNF@g-C3N4-PANI) was prepared for the detection of dapamine (DA). First, the bulk g-C3N4 was prepared through polymerizing melamine under 600 °C. And then the g-C3N4 nanosheet was obtained by ultrasonication-assisted liquid exfoliation of bulk g-C3N4. Finally, polyaniline (PANI) and gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were successively formed on the g-C3N4 nanosheet through an in situ synthesis method. The resulting AuNF@g-C3N4-PANI hybrids were modified onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode to achieve a sensor (AuNF@g-C3N4-PANI/GCE) for detecting dopamine. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL signal increased linearly with the concentration of dopamine. The linear range of 5.0 × 10(-9) to 1.6 × 10(-6) M was obtained, while the detection limit was 1.7 × 10(-9) M. The prepared sensor exhibited a low detection limit and high sensitivity for the determination of dopamine. The combination of g-C3N4 nanosheet, PANI and AuNF would provide a new opportunity for the ECL sensor.

Graphene-like 2D nanomaterial-based biointerfaces for biosensing applications

“…They found that ECL intensity was significantly amplified due to the compositional synergy (Lu et al 2014). Accordingly, a signal-on ECL biosensor toward dopamine detection was established.…”

Gold nanoparticle based optical and electrochemical sensing of dopamine

“…In order to generate a signal for detection, a Raman reporter molecule is required in the extrinsic detection. In most cases, AuNPs is often used as the SERS-active substrate for immobilization [18] rGO/MWCNTs/AuNPs/GCE = reduced graphene oxide/multiwall carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles/glassy carbon electrode; BSA-stabilized Au nanoclusters/ITO = bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters/indium tin oxide; AuNP-RGO/GCE = Gold nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode; AuNF@g-C 3 N 4 -PANI/GCE = gold nanoflower@graphitic carbon nitride polymer nanosheet-polyaniline/glassy carbon electrode Fig. 3 The general operation of SERS sensor of Raman reporter molecule due to the SERS properties owned by AuNPs [20].…”

Electrochemiluminescence of graphitic carbon nitride and its application in ultrasensitive detection of lead(II) ions

“…For example, Xu et al developed a dual-signaling ECL ratiometric sensing platform for the sensitive and reliable detection of HL-60 cancer cells employing the prepared g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets [20]. Gold nanoflower@graphitic carbon nitride polymer nanosheet-polyaniline hybrids was prepared by Yuan and co-authors for the ECL detection of dopamine [21]. Different from common prepared g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, herein fluorescent g-C 3 N 4 quantum dots (QDs) with up-conversion properties were prepared through a thermal-chemical etching route using bulk g-C 3 N 4 as precursor.…”