“…In fact, reduction products of species undergoing cathodic reactions at less negative potentials than O 2 are of course thermodynamically unable to cause its reduction in homogeneous phase. Thus, attempts of electrocatalysing oxygen reduction by compounds profitably adopted in protic media, such as porphyrin or phenanthroline complexes [28][29][30], as well as usual compounds containing quinone moieties [31][32][33][34][35][36], are expected to fail completely. In fact, in protic media, unlike in RTILs, a marked decrease of the O 2 formal standard potential is caused by the occurrence of fast chemical reactions with protons, following the primary one electron uptake.…”