Abstract:As the outermost layer of the tooth crown, dental enamel is the most mineralized tissue in mammals, consisting of hydroxyapatite crystallites separated by long and narrow nanochannels. A major challenge in dentistry is how various molecules can be infiltrated into these nanopores in an efficient and controlled way. Here we show a robust method to transport various ions of interest, such as fluoride (F −), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca ++), and sodium (Na +), into these nanopores by electrokinetic flows. It is v… Show more
“…By applying an electric current, the ions are transferred from the left reservoir into the right reservoir by infiltrating into the enamel non‐channels. [ 122 ] In another study, CPP‐ACP nanocomplexes were coupled with stannous fluoride to increase the stability of the nanocomplexes and ion release efficiency for the treatment of dental caries (Figure 10B). [ 119 ]…”
Section: Ion Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reproduced with permission. [ 122 ] Copyright 2019, Springer, B) CPP‐ACP nanocomplex coupled with SnF 2 . CPP: casein phosphopeptide, ACFP: amorphous calcium fluorophosphate, SnF 2 : stannous fluoride.…”
Section: Ion Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A) Nanofluidic transport by electrokinetic flow. Reproduced with permission [122]. Copyright 2019, Springer, B) CPP-ACP nanocomplex coupled with SnF 2 .…”
The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically-administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side-effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle-containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug-release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly-developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.
“…By applying an electric current, the ions are transferred from the left reservoir into the right reservoir by infiltrating into the enamel non‐channels. [ 122 ] In another study, CPP‐ACP nanocomplexes were coupled with stannous fluoride to increase the stability of the nanocomplexes and ion release efficiency for the treatment of dental caries (Figure 10B). [ 119 ]…”
Section: Ion Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reproduced with permission. [ 122 ] Copyright 2019, Springer, B) CPP‐ACP nanocomplex coupled with SnF 2 . CPP: casein phosphopeptide, ACFP: amorphous calcium fluorophosphate, SnF 2 : stannous fluoride.…”
Section: Ion Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A) Nanofluidic transport by electrokinetic flow. Reproduced with permission [122]. Copyright 2019, Springer, B) CPP-ACP nanocomplex coupled with SnF 2 .…”
The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically-administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side-effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle-containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug-release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly-developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.
“…Rods and IR represent for enamel rod and inter-rod, respectively. E, F Enamel rods with different orientations can be repaired [7] drilling holes for the treatment of initial-stage and moderate caries lesions [77,[80][81][82] Reinomiva, a King's College London dental spinout company, formed a commercialised method that utilises iontophoresis, known as electrically accelerated and enhanced remineralisation (EAER) [82]. The basic steps of EAER are as follows.…”
Section: Mineralisation Induced By Ions Flowmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Iontophoresis is beneficial for accelerating and enhancing the remineralisation of enamel after etching [ 78 , 79 ]. Compared with diffusion alone, electrically accelerated ions flow delivers CaP ions into enamel sections to significantly greater depths (~1 mm) and does not require drilling holes for the treatment of initial-stage and moderate caries lesions [ 77 , 80 – 82 ] Reinomiva, a King’s College London dental spinout company, formed a commercialised method that utilises iontophoresis, known as electrically accelerated and enhanced remineralisation (EAER) [ 82 ]. The basic steps of EAER are as follows.…”
Section: Biomimetic Systems For Enamel Restorationmentioning
Caries and dental erosion are common oral diseases. Traditional treatments involve the mechanical removal of decay and filling but these methods are not suitable for cases involving large-scale enamel erosion, such as hypoplasia. To develop a noninvasive treatment, promoting remineralisation in the early stage of caries is of considerable clinical significance. Therefore, biomimetic mineralisation is an ideal approach for restoring enamel. Biomimetic mineralisation forms a new mineral layer that is tightly attached to the surface of the enamel. This review details the state-of-art achievements on the application of amelogenin and non-amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate, ions flow and other techniques in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. The ultimate goal of this review was to shed light on the requirements for enamel biomineralisation. Hence, herein, we summarise two strategies of biological minimisation systems for in situ enamel restoration inspired by amelogenesis that have been developed in recent years and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
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